Economic sciences / 7. Account and audit

Zhusupova G.B.

Kostanaysky state university of a name of A.Baytursynov.

Kostanay, Kazakhstan

EFFECTS OF BORDER TRADE

In article the main development of border trade is considered. It is possible to assume that trade volumes inside and between the countries are defined by interregional and international transport expenses. In other words, the proximity to the foreign markets acts as advantage to firms which make goods for these markets.

Keywords: border, business.

Development of border trade assumes existence of exceptions to the rules on which "big" international trade functions.

These exceptions quite often mean big freedom of the regional authorities, a smaller collecting of taxes and customs duties from the territory in the central budget and other consequences.

But in what then national interests consist at development of special forms of "small" cooperation on borders? It is possible to offer such answer: border trade becomes strong incentive for development suburban - and, as a rule, economically depressive - regions.

It is possible to allocate at least three types of the regions differing on geographical advantages and opportunities of participation in international trade: internal, not having national borders, border, not having the international seaports, and regions with seaports. Only regions with overland (river) borders have opportunity to develop international trade in a specific border format.

Cooperation in border trade "is carried out between the Russian legal entities and individuals having the constant location (residence) in the border territory of the Russian Federation, and the foreign persons having the constant location (residence) in the adjacent border territory, only for satisfaction of local needs in the goods made in the respective border territories".

As a rule, such encouragement in the form of tax, customs and other privileges is provided within specially stipulated strip on both sides of overland (river) border.

However, experience of the different countries shows that border trade can develop and for lack of formally fixed preferential terms and "the stipulated strips".

Thus, substantial differences of border trade following: trade contacts are conducted directly through border; the mode of border trade assumes action of exceptions of the general rules of international trade. From the point of view of mechanisms of implementation and effects for economic development border trade has the features in comparison with the trade which is conducting in global scales at the world prices.

First, it depends on a condition of global economy, but in the bigger - on specifics of economic system of the adjacent region of the neighboring country less. Secondly, border trade can lead to structural changes in economy.

The region with large volumes of border trade depends on this effect, than national economy as a whole as unlike it quite often has similar geographical, gynecological, and also economic characteristics with the adjacent party more strongly.

Within the federal program for border strengthening on its Russian-Kazakhstan piece by the end of 2011 had to construct 66 border check-points.

Important feature: during this period from the territory of Kazakhstan to Russia inflow of emigrants, in particular, by number of the international migrants who have arrived to Chelyabinsk region amplified, Kazakhstan came out on top.

Thirdly, "the law of uniform price" works rather in border, than global trade. If to make goods and to transport it through border cheaper, it leads to fast arbitration. Because of action of the law of uniform price production of goods in "expensive" border region can appear under the threat.

Fourthly, border trade is more flexible and diversified, than national. If demand for any goods exceeds local production (on both sides of border), border trade can promote an overflow of goods from other regions.

Fifthly, low transport expenses can make favorable even the small transaction that stimulates development of small business on border.

In the center of attention of the modern theory of international trade there are trade barriers and the international division of labor, but not problems of borders and economic space. Within this paradigm factors of production are mobile within the country and between economic branches and absolutely aren't mobile internationally.

Literature

1 . Kolosovsky N. N. theory of economic division into districts. – M, 2000. Page 164.

2 . Geographical sciences and regional planning. – M, 1990. Page 84 – 85.

3 . Bayserkeev O. N., Bugromenko V. N. Regional spatial and subject environment. – Alma-Ata, 1993. Page 58.