Economic sciences

Kostanaysky state university of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan

Murzalina D. – the student 3 courses of specialty the account and audit

Abdullina R. - the head

The accounting of cash flows of the enterprise in the conditions of application of modern information technologies.

Money characterizes initial and final stages of a circulation of the economic means by which speed of movement efficiency of all business activity in many respects is defined. As major means of payment solvency of the enterprise - one of the most important characteristics of its financial position is defined by the volume of money available for the enterprise.

This subject is actual as money acts as the intermediary in all calculations, it is obvious that for providing a normal circulation of means, conducting activity in the conditions of market economy it is necessary correctly and to carry out all calculations in due time. In turn efficiency of settlement operations in many respects depends on a condition of accounting of money, settlement and credit operations.

Money is the only type of the current means possessing absolute liquidity, i.e. immediate ability to act as an instrument of payment according to enterprise obligations. Therefore solvency of the enterprise is defined by their volume. For definition of its level amount of money is compared with the size of the current obligations of the enterprise. Absolutely solvent the enterprises possessing enough of money for calculations for the current obligations available for them are considered. However any excessive stocks of money lead to delay of their turn, or to decrease in their use, in the conditions of inflation - and to a real loss due to their depreciation.

Money includes monetary cash and deposits poste restante; equivalents of money - short-term, highly liquid investments, easily reversible in a certain sum of money and changes of value exposed to insignificant risk.

We will characterize structure of funds of the enterprise for their structure, degree of liquidity and to an optimum combination.

Enterprise cash desk. Cash money as basically, and foreign currency, securities and the monetary documents which are storing directly at the enterprise makes enterprise cash desk. In world practice it is accepted that the cash desk has to provide the current needs of the enterprise for cash (salary payment, funds for travel expenses, etc.), and bulk of money and the assets equated to them it is accepted to store in bank on the settlement account, the deposit. Storage of large sums in cash desk of the enterprise is considered risky in comparison with bank therefore from the financial manager development of such financial policy at which in cash desk there would be minimum necessary sum for needs of the enterprise for the present day is required.

Settlement accounts open to the enterprises being legal entities and having independent balance. The order of opening of the settlement account is regulated by the instruction according to which to each enterprise only one settlement account can be open in one bank.

On the settlement account free money and receipts for the realized production, the performed works and services, the short-term and long-term loans obtained from bank, and other transfers concentrate.

From the settlement account almost all payments of the enterprise are made: payment to suppliers for materials, debt repayment to the budget, social insurance, receiving money in cash desk for salary payment, financial support, awards, etc. Delivery of money, and also non-cash transfers from this account bank are carried out, as a rule, on the basis of the enterprise order - the owner of the settlement account or from its consent.

In the western practice the settlement account is considered the most optimum form of storage of necessary money in the current activity. In Kazakhstan in connection with instability of a banking system and, in particular, critical condition of branches of banks on the periphery of regions there is a big risk of non-payments from the settlement account because of bank.

Also liquid securities which are in cash desk of the enterprise or in depositary of bank belong to funds of the enterprise. The function which is carried out by securities, is similar to deposit function, however has a number of essential differences on a way of their address, liquidity and profitability degree. So, for example, ahead of schedule withdrawing money from the deposit, the enterprise can lose part of percent while, реализуя it depending on market condition can even win securities.

Always there are the advantages connected with creation of a large supply of money, - they allow to reduce risk of exhaustion of cash and give the chance to meet the requirement to pay a tariff of term earlier established by the law. On the other hand, expenses of storage of temporarily free, not used money are much higher, than the expenses connected with a short-term investment of money in securities.

The cash flow of the organization represents set of the receipts distributed in time and payments of the money created by its economic activity.

The cash flow of the enterprise is the most important independent object of financial management and at the same time the analysis. It is defined by that role which management of cash flows plays in development of the enterprise and formation of the end results of its financial activity.

Effective management of cash flows provides financial balance of the enterprise in the course of its strategic and current development. Rates of this development, financial stability of the enterprise considerably are defined by that, how different types of cash flows are synchronized among themselves on volumes and in time. High level of such synchronization provides essential acceleration of realization of the purposes of development of the enterprise.