Economic sciences / 7. Account and audit

Alimova D. Zh.

Kostanaysky state university of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan

Financial statements as system of the indicators reflecting results of economic activity of the enterprise

Accounting on managing subjects in the conditions of the market relations is of particular importance. It is under construction on the basis of the general principles and the provisions fixed in Standards, the accounting plan financially – hozyaystvenno activity of the subjects published according to Laws to the Republic of Kazakhstan "About accounting", "About taxes and other obligatory payments in the Budget", and also instructions, provisions and the recommendations published by competent authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan on accounting. Data of the account are used for operational management of work of managing subjects and their structural divisions, for drawing up the state financial statements, economic forecasts and current plans and, at last, for studying and research of regularities of development of national economy.

In modern conditions of managing it is almost impossible to operate the difficult economic mechanism of the managing subject without timely, full and reliable economic information which accurately adjusted system of the account gives only.

It isn't less important that each subject had the accounts department completed with highly qualified specialists, and, first of all, the chief accountant has to have high qualification. The economic condition of the subject, timeliness of payments in many respects depends on accurate and harmonious work of accounts department in the budget, calculations with buyers and customers, etc.

The new system of accounting, is accepted in Kazakhstan, allows to make the enterprise more open, and, therefore, and the most preferable to internal and external interests that will positively affect, finally, the general lifting to all economy to the republic.

As the reporting understand system of the totals which are in a complex characterizing financially – economic activity of the enterprise for expired period. Drawing up the reporting - the final stage of registration work. According to its data sum up the results of activity of the enterprise; it is information source for the analysis, the routine and advance planning. Its data use for control of timely and full payment of taxes and other payments in the budget.

The main requirements which are imposed to the reporting, are truthful and exact reflection of the valid results of activity of the enterprise. Strict coordination of all indicators, coherence of accounting and quick and statistical reports, observance of methodological and other provisions. Distortion of the reporting and assessment of articles of balance, submission of other deliberately distorted reporting data are considered as the antistate actions doing harm to the state, and heads and the chief accountants guilty of it, bear responsibility according to the current legislation.

The important requirement imposed to the reporting, its transparency, understanding of data of the reporting to investors and shareholders are. The reporting has to be formed in established periods.

The higher organizations (owners) to bodies of the state statistics and tax authorities are forbidden to demand from the enterprise, and to submit the last the unconfirmed (additional) reporting. The enterprises for the decision of founders can allocate the productions and farms for separate balance. Assets and liabilities of these balances join in the general balance on primary activity of the enterprises. Subsidiaries are on independent balance. The reporting of the enterprise are subdivided on quick and statistical and accounting. Quickly – the statistical reporting characterizes the separate parties of production and financial activity of the enterprise for data accounting and quickly – the statistical account. Accounting reports characterize production and financial activity of the enterprise, proceeding from the data of the synthetic and analytical account supported by primary documents and accounts in registration registers. Depending on for what period the reporting is submitted, it shares on urgent and post.

An important role in the accurate organization of works for drawing up the reporting is played by the correct distribution of duties between calculating workers and establishments of the schedule of registration works.

The made balance and other forms of the reporting for ensuring accuracy of indicators need to be subjected to careful arithmetic and logical check. Continuity of balance establish by checking of data on balance articles for the beginning of the reporting period with data on the same articles for the current period according to the column on the end of the year. The ready reporting is submitted: to owners (to participants, founders) or to the bodies authorized by them according to constituent documents; to body of tax inspection (in the enterprise location); to local financial body, bodies of the state statistics.

The enterprises having subsidiaries except the accounting report of the parent enterprise make, submit the consolidated (summary) reporting in the general established order.

The enterprises (including the enterprises with foreign participation) provide annual accounting reports and no later than March 1 of the following after fiscal year if other isn't provided by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Within specified by term concrete date of submission of accounting reports owners (participants, founders) establish the enterprises in coordination with tax authorities.

Literature:

1 . Tolpakov Zh.S. Accounting: The textbook for higher education institutions. - Karaganda, JSC Karagandinskaya Poligrafiya, 2004.

2 . Seydakhmetova F.S. Modern accounting: Manual. - Alma-Ata: Economy, 2000.

3 . Nurseytov Z.O. Accounting in the organizations: Manual. - Alma-Ata, LEM, 2007