Economic
sciences / 7 Account and audit
Professor Zhaparov K.Zh.
Kostanaysky
state university of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan
Criterion of an assessment of commercial effectiveness
of agricultural production
Profit, being the main
criterion of the description and an assessment of current state of the
commercial organization, and also a separate product for the reporting period,
can't serve as criterion of an assessment of market efficiency of branch and a
reference point of stability of the enterprise in the long term.
The solution of this task
possibly on the basis of the marginal analysis which technique is based on
ratio studying between three groups of the major economic indicators: expenses,
in output and profit. The marginal analysis is widely applied in the countries
with the developed market relations. It is the most effective method of the
solution of the interconnected tasks, tracing dependence of financial results
of business on expenses and outputs. Carrying out the marginal analysis is
based on modern system of the accounting of prime cost "äèðåêò - a
casting" (a control system of prime cost). In it high extent of
integration of the account, the analysis and adoption of administrative
decisions is reached.
The carried-out marginal
analysis showed that the maximum output for the period makes 210 tons of milk,
minimum - 180 tons. respectively the maximum and minimum expenses made 4226
thousand tenges and 3626 thousand tenges.
"Expenses - volume -
profit" serve as key elements of the analysis: operational lever,
profitability threshold, stock of financial durability. force of influence of
the operational lever always pays off for a certain sales volume, for these
sales proceeds.
To long-term prospect increase
of demand for production is expected, it is possible to refuse a mode of rigid
economy on constant expenses as the enterprise with bigger their share will
receive a bigger gain of profit.
According to the carried-out
calculation the stock of financial durability for the analyzed enterprise will
make 51297 thousand tenges that there correspond about 83% of revenue. It means
that the enterprise is capable to sustain 83 percent decrease in sales proceeds
without serious threat for the financial position.
Increase of level of a
threshold of profitability on 1721 thousand tenges happened due to growth of
constant expenses, and as due to increase of a share of the material income in
the price (fig. 1).
Figure 1 Definition of
a Threshold of Profitability.
The main reserves is
improvement of the range and improvement of quality of dairy products, creation
of the products, different high nutritious and flavoring properties and being
in the increased demand at the population, is the fullest meeting the requirements
of the balanced food.
Definition of a threshold of profitability by
graphic way is carried out in the following sequence:
1 . The straight line
of sales proceeds is under construction by means of a point And: Revenue =öåíà realization * realization volume = 25830*2400 =
61992 thousand tenges
2 . The straight line
of constant expenses represents a horizontal at the level of 10 684 thousand
tenges
3 . The straight line
of total expenses is under construction by means of a point of B: Total
expenses = Variable expenses + Are constant expenses = Variable costs of a
commodity unit * realization volume + Constant expenses = 20,28 * 2400 + 10684
= 59353 thousand tenges
The straight line of
variable expenses can be constructed at first and separately, and then it is
simple to lift it on height of constant expenses.
Using these productions
threshold quantity of goods will make
q k = 10684000 / (25830-20,28) = 413,95
tons of milk
Rk =
(q-qk)*d (1)
Thus, R = (2400-413,95) *1,33=2639 thousand
tenges
2. For calculation of a threshold of
profitability in value terms it is necessary to increase the left and right
member of equation, critical volume by the price in a formula(2).
(2)
According to
production the profitability threshold in value terms will make Nk=10684000 /
(1-20,28/25830) = 10695 thousand tenges
The concept
"stock of financial durability" is connected with the concept
"profitability threshold". If the sales proceeds fall below a
profitability threshold, the financial condition of the enterprise worsens, deficiency
of liquid means (table 1) is formed.
Table
1-Indicators of activity of manufacturing
Indicators
|
For analyzed years |
Forecast |
Sales proceeds
|
52073 |
61992 |
|
Variable expenses |
41138 |
48669 |
|
Gross margin |
10935 |
13323 |
|
Constant expenses |
8853 |
10684 |
|
Profit |
2082 |
2639 |
|
Threshold of profitability |
8974 |
10695 |
|
Stock of financial durability |
43099 |
51297 |
The stock of financial
durability at the enterprise increased in comparison with previous year on 8198
thousand tenges at increase in volume of revenue at 9919 thousand tenges.
In the same way use of
the marginal income in quality of local criterion of an optimality will provide
real increase of efficiency, at the same time ýëèìèíèðóåò influence of constant expenses on profitability of unit of a product,
thereby increases quality of made decisions, will promote finally to formation
of stability of the region.
Literature:
1 . Syomin A.N. State regulation and support of agro-industrial
production. // Agrarian and industrial complex: Economy, management. 2006 .
2 . Moldashev A.B. Offers on formation of the income of agricultural
producers of Kazakhstan//Alma-Ata, 2011.