Balalayeva
V.I.
E.A.Buketov
Karaganda State University
The problem of polycultural education in Kazakhstan in
the system of higher education
Polycultural
education (gr. - multicultural) is education built on the ideas of preparation
of the younger generation for life in a multinational and multicultural
environment. The aim of such education is the formation of ability to
communicate and collaborate with people of different nationalities, races,
creeds, education of understanding of the originality of other cultures, and to
eradicate the negative attitude towards them. Modern man must be tolerant,
patient, with a strong sense of respect towards people of other cultures, able
to live with them in peace and harmony, willingness to actively cooperate.
At the end
of the twentieth century there was process of rapprochement of countries and
peoples of the world, also there was a powerful migration of population (2000 peoples
and more than 200 countries in the world) turning the planet into a «global
village». This required to change the value of orientation and to reorient from
monocultural education to multicultural, i.e. polycultural when their own
culture is saved. Polycultural also is
a quality of the individual. In these circumstances the most popular became a
folk pedagogics [1].
In Kazakhstan the
problem of polycultural education has taken a special importance and complexity
in the 90s. Today polyculture and polycultural education is due to the state
national language education policies. Its principles are reflected in the
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the law «About languages in the
Republic of Kazakhstan» and «About education», «About State program of
functioning and development of languages for 2011-2020 years».
According to the president
of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev "...Kazakhstan is unique and strong with
its multinationality. On its land formed a unique multicultural space... Polyculture
of Kazakhstan is a progressive factor in the development of society. Eurasian
roots of the peoples of Kazakhstan allow to combine the Eastern, Asian,
Western, European cultures and to create a unique variant of development of
Kazakhstan polyculturalism"[2].
Polycultural
education in the Republic of Kazakhstan as one of the main directions is in
search of its fundamental basis. In the conditions of formation of new state
education it is reformed into the socio-cultural institute based on the
traditions of the national pedagogical culture of Kazakhstan mentality and
which is produced the universal values of education. [3]
Today
polycultural education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the main
directions in the system of higher education. In the State program of development
of education for 2011-2020 years is described that the higher school of Kazakhstan
should strive to reach the world level of education and to enter the common
educational space. Mechanism for achieving these goals is the implementation of
the Bologna process [4].
Polycultural
education in higher school must solve the following problems:
• formation of
knowledge about the diversity of cultures and their interrelation;
• using of
knowledge about the cultural diversity for the personal fulfilment;
• formation of
positive attitude towards cultural differences;
• training skills of
interaction with different cultures on the basis of mutual understanding.
The
goals of polycultural education are realized through the recognition of the
human and national culture, a factor of education and the necessity of its
implementation in the context of the dialogue of cultures. For the
implementation of polycultural education is necessary to create a polycultural
educational space, i.e. the creation of conditions for integration of the
personality in culture through education [5].
In
particular, university is an important stage in the process of formation and
development of polycultural personality when consciously formed the basic
values and principles of life. Just an university is able to provide the
student with a favorable environment for the harmonious combination of
development of humanistic universal qualities of personality with the ability
to fully implement its national, cultural, ethnic needs.
Polycultural
education gives an opportunity to study and understand the diversity of
peoples, inhabiting the world deeply. Cultural differences that define the
belonging to one group or another are the most obvious manifestation of the
diversity of values and perspectives.
The teacher
should help students to realize that there are many values in the world that
differ from their own. All values are rooted in the traditions of a people and for
them the values are natural result of historical development.
Polycultural education is an important part of modern education that
promotes the absorption of students ' knowledge about other cultures,
understanding of the general and the specific aspects in the traditions, way of
life, the cultural values of the peoples, upbringing of youth in spirit to respect
the systems of other cultures. It should be noted that the upbringing of
tolerance in the process of polycultural education is the most important
condition of ethnic integration. On the one hand polycultural education is
intended to eliminate the contradictions between the systems and cultural norms
of the dominant nations, on the other - of the ethnic minorities. It involves
the competent adaptation of ethnic groups to each other [6].
Consequently, in the conditions of polyethnic society of university the
polycultural education becomes an integral part of the pedagogical culture of
the future specialist and a significant part of its moral upbringing.
Polycultural education acts as an element of its outlook and attitude to the
Motherland and the other nations and peoples.
Reference list:
1. V.S. Bezrukova. Foundations of spiritual culture (encyclopedic
dictionary of teacher), 2000.
2. N.A. Nazarbayev. The
strategy of transformation of society and revival of Eurasian civilization. – M.,
2000. - P.16-18.
3. V.V. Lezina. The development
of multicultural education in the Republic of Kazakhstan// Modern high
technologies ¹3, 2008.
4. State program of
educational development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020
5. L.P. Bogacheva , M.K.
Omarova. Some of the issues of multicultural upbringing and education of future
specialists // Vestnik of KSU. - 2009. - ¹1. P. 79-84.
6. V.P. Borisenkov. Challenges
of the modern age and the priority tasks of the pedagogical science //
Pedagogy. - 2004. -¹1.