Педагогические науки/3 Методические основы воспитательного процесса

Ivanenko Lyudmila, Baytsym Elena

a teachers of Pavlodar Secondary School No. 14

Moments of relaxation in secondary school classes

The major task of the educational process in the school is to find such ways of educational process organizing, which would correspond to the age-related stages of the psycho- physiological and social development of students as well as the elimination problem of the overworking of students.

Solution to this problem will be essential to protect the health of students.

Of course, the health state of children is influenced by such factors as genetic conditionality, adverse social and environmental conditions of development, but at the same time school factors affect the health of children: extension and saturation of the educational process, imperfection of teaching methods taking age-related opportunities of students into account.

The one of the main movements of the health promotion of students in school is organizing the fitness events in the school schedule, but with the beginning of an academic year the daily activity of students is noticeably reduced. Only the lessons of the physical culture cannot compensate the exercise deficiency of a student. Therefore there is a necessity of organizing the events dedicated to the activity of students during the study hours.

This requires special attention to be given to the introduction of sport and relaxation moments on the lesson. A physical culture moment is a small set of physical exercises. Exercises are designed to take various muscle groups in the performance. Moments of relaxation - the stage of total rest, muscular and psychological relief.

The meaning of physical culture moments is to remove tiredness of a child, to provide activities and increase the mental performance of students. The meaning of relaxation - to remove the psychological stress.

Moments of physical culture as active exercises remove fatigue caused by prolonged sitting at the desk, give rest to the muscles, organs of hearing, restore energy of the child.

Moments of physical culture are required in order to raise mood of children, help activate the breath, strengthen blood and lymph circulation of the stagnant areas in the body of the child, remove static stress.

In the composition of moments of physical culture should be included the complexes consisting of 4-6 exercises, 2-3 of which must purposefully form posture, 2-3 for the shoulders, lumbar, arms and torso. Considering the psychology of children, it is necessary to have a variety of exercises, as a large number of repetitions reduce interest at performing the exercises.

Moments of physical culture can be conducted without items, with items. The complexes can be performed using the count, an audiotape, a poetic text or musical and noise accompaniment.

Moments of physical culture can be conducted in the education exercise form. In this instance the exercises for the large muscles are performed, which were tense for long time.

Moments of physical culture can be conducted in the form of the outdoor or attention games. Especially effective are the games, which combine with the theme of the lesson, for example, to show a profession, an animal etc.

Educational games with movements also contribute to the activity of students on the lesson (for example: “The Mirror” game).

Relaxation can include - a moment of silence, normalization of breathing, rest of all muscle groups under quiet music, text, which is read by the teacher. While conducting such moments and using poetic texts, the attention is necessary to be given to the content, which must be understood by students, not to tense, but to calm them.

Doing the painstaking work makes all fatigue and stress concentrate in the hands, the finger-gymnastics is used to remove this tension. “Finger games” - a dramatization of rhyming stories, tales using fingers. During this games students activate hand motility repeating the exercises, thereby agility, an ability to control their movements, to focus on one type of activity are produced; or relax fingers for further work.

Moreover, there are many creative moments of physical culture for the coordination of movements and psychological relief, moments of silence - journeys... These tasks help to intensify the work of both hemispheres of the brain that has a positive effect on mental process.

Very popular are moments of physical culture for the overall development of the body (limbs and torso). “Parsley”, “Cat’s pandiculation”. These exercises are aimed at relaxing the muscles in the hands at embroidery, performing operations on the sewing machine, modeling. Starting position: arms down, relaxed. At the same time by chaotic handshaking must be achieved muscle relaxation till feelings of warmth and redness of the palms.

Works with texts are very important on the lessons, and minibreaks are used to relax eyestrain that allows saving the vision of students (close eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds, then open them for the same time; repeat 6-8 times). In the presence of eyestrain are also used special techniques applying electronic media.

Thematic moments of physical culture are much loved by students - game “Sea voyage” for the articulation at the work on the topic “Seascape”, etc.

On very saturated lesson where students must get a lot of new information and attach it to the practice for psychological stress relaxation moments of silence applying a quiet melody, activity change, patters, tongue-twisters, chants can be used.

For the educational process to be more productive and effective, without affecting the health of students must moments of physical culture and relaxation be brought in systematically. For this it is necessary to know the requirements for moments of physical culture organizing and conducting.

• Moments of physical culture are conducted at the initial stage of fatigue (8-14 minute of the lesson depending on the age of students, the type of activity and difficulty of the educational material);

• The exercises must be entertaining, familiar and interesting for students, be simple in performance;

• The complexes of the exercises must be different in content and form;

• In moments of physical culture the exercises on different muscular groups are included;

• Duration of performance - 1,5-3 minutes;

• During a break between classes it is expedient to conduct moments of physical culture using items (pens, rulers);

• During the conduction of moments of physical culture students can sit at the desk or stand near it, be next to the blackboard or in the passages between the desks, stand in a round, in all directions, in pairs, trios, groups.

The teacher must:

• have skills of physical culture and figuratively show the exercises;

• be able to combine movements with musical rhythm;

• be able to select materials for moments of relaxation and physical culture breaks. Examples of moments of physical culture:

“I have no fear”

In a situation of a difficult theme, performing long and monotonous work. Students make actions hearing speech of the teacher. Besides, The teacher says the line and makes a pause, and at that moment children repeat to themselves the next lines:

I say to myself, my friends,

I am not afraid

Of problems or failures,

I am calm and patient,

I am discreet, not frowning,

I just do not like fear,

I keep my hair on.

Moments of physical culture on the lessons requiring writing:

An exercise to improve cerebral circulation. The initial stage - sitting, hands are on lumber; 1-2 head turns to the right; the initial stage; 3-4 head turns to the left; the initial stage; 5- 6 head gently tilts back; the initial stage; 7-8 6 head tilts forward; repeat 4-6 times in a slow tempo.

The ability of The teacher to choose moments of physical and psychological stress relieving in time and correctly depending on the situation in the classroom leads to increasing of efficiency, performance of the lesson, children will not be tense, tired and will be able to do works with greater achievement.

Literature:

1. Abramov E.N. “Moments of physical culture in the educational process”, Kurgan, 2007

2. Audiobooks of L. A. Yartov “Finger games and moments of physical culture”