PhD
students Bondar A.Y., Dyatel O.O.
Institute of
Water Problems and Land Reclamation NAAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
THE IMPACT OF ELABORATION OF QUARRYING
OF BUILDING MATERIALS ON WATER RESOURCES
By
virtue of natural conditions, a place of elaboration of quarrying and their
agricultural landscapes poorly protected from external human impact. Conducting
large-scale economic activities related to the conversion of the existing
natural conditions lead to changes in the formation water resources. Therefore,
the conservation and protection of natural landscape features in the areas of
economic load is very important.
The construction of
quarries can reduce overall water resources due to additional losses, the value
of which in some areas is a considerable share of the total volume of
irreversible water.
Due to the high
level of mechanization of mining operations is water pollution (namely quarry
waters) by petroleum products. Quarry water formed as a result of falling
groundwater and surface natural water in the mining elaboration, are subject to
contamination in the process of extracting a mineral resource. Quarry waters
pollution occurs mainly finely dispersed weighted parts of minerals, placing
rocks that formed at: drilling blast holes and test pits; crushing rocks explosive
manner; work anadromous and cleansing combines; bootable and transport
operations.
One such factor is
the quarry of building materials, which operates within Hotyslav deposits of
chalk and sand. Hotyslav quarry located in the Republic of Belarus at a
distance of 0.25 km from the border with Ukraine. Hydrogeological conditions
are unfavorable quarry – chalk watered at all useful power in some places
groundwater level in low-flow periods is set at depths of 1.0 – 1.5 m.
Significant amounts
of mining operations, which are designed to Hotyslav quarry, accompanied by a
powerful pumping (27.5 thousand cubic meters/day), which will negatively impact
on water resources and the surrounding protected areas.
Dewatering
planned to carry out into the river Rita by means of discharge channels
directly from a quarry and support throughout the service life decline in
ground water up to 45 meters. The territory of quarry entirely located within
the catchment area of the river Rita, which is 1730 square meters (with its
tributaries). The length of the river is 24.5 km.
Establishing
modern hydrological and hydrogeological conditions within the investigated
territory occurs in conditions disturbed holding of drainage reclamation in the
70 – 80's the last century. Land reclamation has caused an
increase in the maximum annual flow of the river Rita is 1.5 times, and the
minimum flow – 2.2 times. In basin of the river Rita influenced by drainage
amelioration since the mid 70's last century installed and there is still
weakly disturbed regime of groundwater, and their level throughout the
territories of Ukrainian and Belarusian Polesie parts were down on 0.4 – 0.6
m.
Thus, one of
priority directions water management in the conditions of elaboration of
quarrying is the improvement existing and development new approaches and tools
of mining operations and environmental regulation for the conservation of
productive natural environment for the further development of water management.
References:
1.
Backa M.T. Ecology mining. Zhytomyr: ZSTU, 2004. – 307 p.
2.
Rud'ko G.I., Shkitsa L.E.
Environmental safety and rational nature management within the mining and oil
systems. K.: for "Nichlava", 2001. – 528 p.