Педагогические науки/2. Проблемы подготовки специалистов

Simkova I. O.

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»

The role of foreign standards in sight translation training

To define the role, which foreign standards play in sight translation teaching, we decided to analyze them. In general in foreign countries there are about 47 standards. But only those with a similar content, such as National Occupational Standards in Interpreting, Guide for Quality Assurance in Translation and National Standard Guide for Community Interpreting Services are considered.

The first one regulates the interpreting training in UK, the second one is used in socio-political sphere in USA, and the third one is created by the professional association of linguists (AILIA) supported by various interpreters' associations, such as Across Languages Translation and Interpretation Service (London), Ontario based community interpretering service, and the American National Council on Interpreting in Healthcare.

National Standard Guide for Community Interpreting Services (NSGCIS) contains requirements for interpreter training (possessing of interpreting, linguistic, research, and technical competences, interpersonal skills), interpreters roles and responsibilities, responsibilities of interpreting service providers, the annexes contained the requirements for the performance of legal and healthcare interpreting, standards of practice and eight ethical principles to be followed by interpreters.

Let us briefly consider each of them:

1) the principle of accuracy and fidelity, its aim is to preserve the meaning of the message;

2) the principle of confidentiality, its aim is to protect the confidential information;

3) the principle of impartiality, its aim is to avoid the prejudice from the part of the interpreter to other parts involved in the communication;

4) the principle of respect for people, it aim is to demonstrate the recognition of the dignity of all parties of communication;

5) the commitment of role boundaries, its aim is to protect the professional integrity, ensuring a stable emotional state and physical safety of an interpreter;

6) the principle of responsibility, its aim is to recognize the quality of the interpreter’s work;

7) the principle of professionalism, its aim is to recognize the responsibility of interpreters for their actions and behavior;

8) the principle of continuous improvement of knowledge, its aim is to reach the highest level of competence [2].

These principles should be taken into account during the development of methods for the formation of professional competence of interpreter.

This standard also stipulates that the sight translation should be used to interpret simple documents in the legal, scientific and healthcare fields.

The American standard guide for quality assurance in translation (F 2575-06) considers the factors that determine the quality of translation services and establishes criteria for each component. These criteria define minimum standards of service quality for translation purposes in accordance with clearly defined requirements [3]. Given needs analysis defines the procedure according to which kind of translation\interpreting have to be chosen. The standard states that the process of sight translation involved mechanisms similar to those that occur during simultaneous interpreting; the difference is that the source text is in written form. To achieve a higher level of equivalence in sight translation the interpreter (if there is enough time) should be allowed to read the entire document before the interpreting.

In British national occupational standards in interpreting [1] the concept of sight translation and interpreter role in this process is defined, the principles of professional activities for every type of interpretation is given; the characteristics of professional activity and lists of the knowledge and skills, which are necessary to perform various types of translation\interpreting.

In the standard there is a list of documents that may require sight translation such as abstract, newsletter, brochure, report, certificate, design, certificate, and introduction to any document. Also to the areas in which the sight translation is needed besides already known healthcare, legal, scientific and technical, the economic filed was added. According to the drafters of the standard the list of knowledge and skills needed to perform the sight translation will vary depending on the type of document complexity. There can be simple (typical) or complex (non-typical, which has many subparts) documents.

To create the strategy of translation training, to develop the training materials and state standards both major national documents and supporting international standards should be taken into account. The major national documents include Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", educational qualification of Bachelor characteristics, educational and professional requirements of Bachelor program, professional standards in the field of translation, international standards imposed to the profession of interpreter "Classification of occupations" DK 003: 2010, "Classification of Economic Activities" DK 009: 2010.

Supporting materials may include: European qualification standard EN-15038, Occupational Standards in Interpreting, National Occupational Standards in Translation, International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED – 97), The framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area, Handbook of qualifying characteristics trades workers, International Classification of occupations for EU members (ISCO – 88 (COM), classification of Economic Activities Statistical Commission European Union (NACE).

So, we should take into account these documents in order to provide a unified approach, to determine the tasks and responsibilities for future translators\ interpreters, and also to create qualification requirements, training programs and improve translators\ interpreters' skills.

When developing the materials to form the professional competence of interpreter, it is worth taking into consideration the international experience in translation and interpreting practice developed in Ukraine, foreign and Ukrainian educational standards, the qualification standards for interpreters – national and foreign.

Литература:

1. National Occupational Standards in Interpreting. – London : CILT, National Centre for Languages, 2006. – 40 p.

2. National Standard Guide for Community Interpreting Services. [Електронний ресурс] / Toronto: HIN, 2007. – [oфіц. текст станом на 6 груд. 2014 р.]. – 45 p. – Режим доступу : www.healthcareinterpretationnetwork.ca

3. US Standard Guide for Quality Assurance in Translation F 2575-06. [Електронний ресурс] / ASTM International. – 2014. – Заголовок з екрану. http://www.astm.org/Standards/F2575.htm