Law/1. History of State and Law
Candidate of law. Prikhodko M.A.
Moscow State University of Law behalf of O.E. Kutafin,
Russia
Ministry of Education and
the state system of the Russian
Empire at
the beginning of the XIX century
Ministry of Education, the
institution which has been proclaimed
in the Manifesto on September 8, 1802 "On the establishment
of ministries," was a new central public institution, not
only for the system of governance
of the Russian empire, but also for the
rest of the world.
January 7, 1803
approved the Department of State Minister of Education, and January 24, 1803, the Commission of schools transformed into a main board schools (1803-1863).
Accordingly,
the Department of the Minister of Education has become the main executive body of the Ministry of Education, and the main board
of the College - an advisory agency to the Minister of National Education, the main issues are resolved administrative, economic, educational and scientific
nature.
Department of
the Minister of Education had no divisions. By state in
it including 12 officials:
Director, 2 forwarder 2-manager on expeditions,
2 senior and 2 junior assistant-manager, archivist, registrar and scribe.
Hence, only in
theory, based on the names of established
posts of officials - Forwarders and head
clerks on the expedition, it is conditionally possible to allocate 2 of the expedition.
Department of
the Minister of Education headed by a
Director.
Main board
schools chaired by the Minister of Education consisted of the
Deputy Minister of Education, school
districts Trustees, Director
of the Department of the Minister of
Education and members appointed
by the highest discretion.
Structural
divisions of the Executive Office
of the schools were and offices.
The office consisted of 2 expeditions - on
scientific and economic
part, led forwarders and headed ruler of
affairs.
The office
had no offices and headed manage.
Unlike other
ministries in the
Ministry of Education was not established the Office of the Minister of Education,
which was an important feature of this
Ministry to mid-twenties of the
XIX century.
In addition,
in March 1803 the
defunct Commission on the establishment of public schools, ending the dual position
of simultaneous activities of the two
agencies with similar functions - the Commission on the
establishment of public schools and
the Commission on College -
Main Board schools.
The primary
structure of the Ministry of Education in the Department of the Minister of Education
and the Main Board of schools and led to
the development of the Ministry of
Education for many years ahead, minimizing any changes in this structure.
The features of
the institutional arrangements of the
main structural units of the Ministry of National Education and the specificity was determined in the order workflow and decision making in the Ministry of Education.
If the Department of the Minister of Education
prevailed sole decision-making
procedure minister, the peer
device and deliberative
nature of the Main Board of schools helped to preserve it some features
of collegial decision-making procedures.
At the same time, to focus our attention on the part of the Minister of Education, the Ministry of
functional activities (as opposed to
its structural development) in the first years of its existence, was another factor contributing to the preservation of the original structure
of the Ministry of Education.
References:
1. Higher and central government departments
Rossii.1801-1917. Volume 3. St. Petersburg. 2002.
2. State of Russia. Dictionary catalog. Book
3. Moscow. 2001.
3.
Rozhdestvenskii S.V. Historical
overview of the activities of the
Ministry
Public Education 1802-1902. Volume 1. Saint
Petersburg. 1902.