Associate professor,
Abduova B.S.
L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
Associate professor,
Konuratbayeva Zh.M.
L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
ANALYSIS
ON SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF KAZAKHSTAN AS A DEVELOPING COUNTRY FOR THE YEARS 2007-2012
Draft State program of development of science in the
Republic of Kazakhstan for 2007-2012. Implemented by the Ministry of Science and technical expertise of
national research capacity and priority directions of science. As the audit of
science, physics, applied physics and mathematics, organic chemistry, earth
sciences, physical chemistry are distinguished by a high publication activity
and high levels of quoting. High-quality research papers differ science of
plants, space science, molecular biology
and genetics.
Scientific and technical potential In recent years, Kazakhstan has embarked on the
development of domestic high-tech industry, the development and introduction of
new information technologies to obtain competitive products and interests of
the national economic security and development of industrial, scientific and
technological potential of the country.
In these circumstances, active innovation, new
technological structures, development of new added value in the manufacturing
industry, the development of national scientific and technological
capabilities, bridging the gap between science and industry, providing
real-advanced foreign technology transfer and implementation of international
standards.
Scientific and technical potential is a combination of
human, material, technical, financial and organizational resources designed to
address the challenges facing the country scientific and technical development.
In 2009, domestic expenditure on research and
development amounted to 38 988 700 000 tenge, which is 3.5 times more than in
2000. As a result, the share of R & D expenditure to GDP - a key indicator
of scientific and technological potential of the country - in 2009 was 0.24%
compared to 0.18% in 2000. In comparison, the share of expenditure on research
and development in Swedish GDP is 3.8%, Japan - 3.04, USA - 2.64 Germany - 2.44
[1], Russia - 1.2, Ukraine - 0.9 , Belarus - 0.6% [2]. In other words,
Kazakhstan behind developed countries in this indicator is more than 10 times.
One important source of research funding in almost all
developed countries are the budget. In Kazakhstan, the total domestic
expenditure on research and development in the 2009 budget amounted to 55,2%.
It is obvious that the state should seek to redress the imbalance from the
budget. First of all, it is advisable to limit the budgetary financing of
commercial research projects, ending the development, users of which are
industrial organization [3]. No less important indicator of the scientific and
technological potential of the country, are the costs of R & D per capita
in 2000-2009 grew by 3.2 times.
The Message of the President NursultanNazarbayev to
the people of Kazakhstan "New Decade - New Economic Growth - New
Opportunities of Kazakhstan" dated January 10, 2010 states that by 2015,
that there should be fully operational national innovation system, and by 2020
it should already yield results in the form of development, patents and
existing technologies, introduced in the country[4].
Obviously, sustainable and balanced economic growth
through diversification and increase its competitiveness requires a significant
increase in the role of science. Over recent years Kazakh science achieved good results: in the years 1993-2009 in
the country issued 24,503 protections for an invention, 532 patents for utility
models, 1179 titles of industrial design, in 2004-2009 - 21 selection patent
for the rocks animals, 58 - Plant Variety. Analysis of ongoing research and
development shows a marked lag in the Soviet science from the developed
countries. The main indicators by which evaluated the scientific and
technological potential of the country, are the volume and sources of research
funding, the number of academic, scientific and technical enterprises and institutions,
the state of the material and technical base, the number and qualifications of
the scientific staff, the amount of R & D. Gross domestic product (GDP) in Kazakhstan in 1999-2009 increased by 2.3
times in 2009 exceeded the 1990 level by 42.9%. The economic crisis has
demonstrated that the observed economic growth in Kazakhstan is mainly provided
by the intensive development of non-renewable mineral resources. During the
years of independence, the industrial structure of Kazakhstan began to carry
more raw materials.
The organizational structure of science. According to
the Statistics Agency, in 2009, in Kazakhstan there were 414 scientific
organizations. For 2000-2009 the number increased by 157 units, or 61.1%,
mainly due to the increase of the design, design and technology organizations
(3.1 times), higher education (2.7 times), industry (2.6 times) [5].
According to the Agency for Statistics, in 2009 28.5%
of all organizations, research institutes and science is only 11.1% - design,
engineering and technology organizations. Research and design departments in
industry are one of the main functions of scientific and technical system of
the country, ensuring the implementation of research in the form of design
documents, prototypes and complex development activity in production. In
Kazakhstan, the number in 2009 was only 3.1% of the total number of
organizations engaged in scientific and technical work. In the organizational
structure of science Kazakhstan isstill
persisting disparities between links in logical chain "research →
design and engineering, fabrication of prototypes of products →
commercialization of scientific and technological activities," which is
the basis of the process of scientific and technological development in the
developed countries.
In recent years,
Kazakhstan’s government pays enough attention to improving the management of
science and the scientific and technical sphere. A target-oriented research
funding principle, a system of state scientific and technical expertise, the
law "On Science" was introduced (2001). Government Decree of December
28, 2007 ¹ 1332 "On the Concept of achieving a new level of
competitiveness and export capacity of the economy Kazakhstan for 2008-2015
", the Ministry of Education and Science on December 14, 2007 ¹ 631"
On approval of the competitive selection of universities, introducing
innovative educational programs, "Presidential Decree" On the
Strategy of Industrial and Innovation Development of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015"(2003),
Government Decree of April 25, 2005 ¹ 387" On Approval of the formation
and development of the national innovation systems of the Republic of
Kazakhstan for 2005-2015In order to create a highly efficient, competitive and
accessible system of technical and vocational education Decree of the President
of the Republic of Kazakhstan as of July 1, 2008 ¹ 626 "On State program
of development of technical and vocational education in the Republic of
Kazakhstan for the years 2000-2012." Thus, the country has made
significant changes to the program-targeted approaches to the organization and execution
of research and development work.
References:
2.. Vertyachiy A. Blooming "cactus"
innovation. 2007. ¹ 168. Sept. 10 / http
/ innovprom.spb.ru.
3. Matushkov B. S & T and innovation as an instrument
of national priorities / / Science and Innovation. Special issue (57). 2007.
4.
Message of the President of Kazakhstan NursultanNazarbayev "New Decade -
New Economic Growth - New Opportunities of
Kazakhstan" dated January 10, 2010 ã. / Http :/ / www.government.kz.
5. Science: the hard
line of the struggle for survival / http :/ /www.kzpg.ru/pressa/pravda140206.htm.