Abdumalik Nysanbaev, Professor,

Academician of the National Academy of Sciences,

Shyryn Kurmanbayeva, Professor,

Doctor of Political Sciences

Almasbek Shagirbayev, Yerkin Massanov

Researchers at the Institute of philosophy,

political science and religious studies CS MES RK

ESPECIALLY THE INFLUENCE OF MORALITY TO POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS

Abstract

Geopolitics – not just the science of global political, economic and other processes, but also the practice of international relations, that is means the struggle for spheres of effects and control over the territories. Spheres of influence are difficult, sacred territory, respectively, geopolitics, at some point, in order to achieve goals at any cost, can make for a side of decency. Whether it is appropriate in this case to talk about morality? Either permanence of global depravity? President Nazarbayev N.A., certainly, knew what to say when presenting the Message to people of Kazakhstan 2013 plan entry in 2050 of the thirty most developed nations of the world, warned: "Among the developing countries, competition for a place in the club will be fierce. The nation must be ready for global economic confrontation, clearly realizing that place in the sun is guaranteed only the strongest".

Keywords: Policy, Geopolitical developments, Morality, Art of political equality, The global community, Terrorism, Ethics of nuclear non-proliferation

Introduction

By the moral and spiritual values are turning more often when society realizes the urgency of change. Setting new ambitious goals always exposes the uncultured level, more precisely the level of incivility, and it is to beat the other way round, urging compatriots to become a cleaner, more just, more decent, and be merciful. But in the geopolitics of morality has a price, even though the main tool of deterrence – is, of course the international peacekeeping institutions led by the UN Security Council. It would seem, why talk about morality in politics, the more global when it comes to the public interest, and the solutions are dictated by factors such as the priorities of the national economy, military power, GDP and the new world order. However, if the geopolitical partners were guided only by mercantile considerations and did not shun deceit, treachery and perfidy, the global geopolitical order would long ago degenerated into chaos and uncertainty, and the UN Security Council that little could change. In fact, immoral geopolitics least harmful to humanity than the immorality of individuals – for the health of the nation.

The way to recognition by the world community

Morality in geopolitics is still different from morality in society. If spirituality and moral values are very important for a society that has developed long-term development targets and aims for progress, it is difficult to actualize in the geopolitics of the humanistic ideals, if not to take into account the interests of the ruling elites. Almost always, the geopolitical ambitions of the great powers are dictated by the major threats – internal or external, and they are considered to be less than with the interests of other states. Therefore deserve recognition in the international community is not easy. In geopolitics respect the strengths and recognize only the successful states.

Kazakhstan has something to be proud. In a December address to the nation, President Nazarbayev N.A. said: "We were the first in the Commonwealth of Independent States formed the modern model of a market economy based on private property, free competition and openness. Our model is based on the active role of the state in attracting foreign investment. We brought in to the country more than $ 160 billion of foreign investment... In the 15 years that have passed since the adoption of the Strategy-2030, our state has become one of the five most dynamic economies in the world. As a result, in 2012 we will enter one of the 50 largest economies in the world in terms of GDP".

The Head of State emphasized that all those ratings, on which countries of the world collate their own development, we actually get into a geopolitical "big leagues". For example, six years ago, President Nazarbayev N.A. set a national goal – to be among the 50 most competitive countries of the world. At the World Economic Forum today Kazakhstan is ranked 51st. "In international politics, our country – a responsible and reliable partner, which enjoys undisputed international authority, – stated the Head of State. – We play a vital role in strengthening global security and support the international community in the fight against international terrorism, extremism and drug trafficking... We make a worthy contribution to the global energy and food security".

According to the leader of the nation confirms the list of initiatives geopolitical scale. It Kazakhstan initiated the convening of the conference on Interaction and confidence building Measures in Asia – an important international platform for dialogue. In the past few years, Kazakhstan chaired the OSCE, SCO, the Organization of islamic cooperation and the Organization of the collective security treaty. At the Astana Economic forum, President Nazarbayev N.A. proposed a new form of dialogue – G-global. The essence of this initiative, according to the Head of State – to unite the efforts of all in the creation of a just and secure world order.

But to stay in the "higher geopolitical league", one little scale initiatives, and leader of the nation understands this. We need united, synchronized efforts of all the people in the country and for that people need to have long-term objectives. Consequently, the need for the nation overall strategic goal “tselizna” important task or, in the terminology Gogol N.V., who wrote in the "Selected passages from correspondence with friends," the colonial state that any time a member of his society, "which has no national spirit and national “tselizny” where unknown or dedication, nor the nobility, and only some selfish gain". ("Tselizna, chelizna – untilled place" – from the notebook Gogol N.V.1841-1845 y., "Tslizna – moral integrity and uprightness" – on Expository dictionary Dal V.I.).

And the leader of the nation determined the important task of presenting in December last year, new political course of the nation until 2050 – Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy, which states the main goal – by 2050 to become one of the 30 most developed countries of the world. It's a lofty goal, mobilizing spiritual forces of the nation, reviving moral values and proclaims to the world the seriousness of our intentions.

The art geopolitical equality

Geopolitics – the art of defending their interests in an environment of different-sized powers. Equal rights as if the impossible. However, the geo-political ethics, along with a system of international security, to encourage honesty in interstate relations. Regional or Global Security – is a positive consequence of including geo-political ethics.

Today all over the world there has been an increased interest in Kazakhstan, not only as to the state, rich in natural resources, or as a country, the most advanced in Central Asia on the part of democratic reforms, but more as a center of regional security, certain core around which crystallizes clean, clear, consistent and predictable policies, forming a security zone in the region. In fact, the neighborhood with the Islamic world, especially with Afghanistan, Iran, as well as geopolitical heavyweights such as Russia and Kazakhstan to China highlights the role of guarantor of security in Central Asia. And our country has to expectations, quite successfully conducted in February of this year in Almaty complex negotiations on the Iranian nuclear program. The participants were representatives of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (Russia, USA, China, UK, France) and Germany, as well as Iran and the European Union. The next phase of the negotiations, "six" of mediators and Iran will continue, first in Istanbul, and then again in Almaty.

As noted in the December address to the nation President, we will continue to be responsible for regional security and to contribute to the stabilization of Central Asia. Reduce the potential for conflict in our region, to address pressing social and economic problems can only be through the integration of Central Asia. "No country in the world cannot handle on their own challenges of the coming epoch. The essence of my initiative – to unite the efforts of all in the creation of a just and secure world order ", – said President Nazarbayev N.A.

Our contribution to global security, according to the leader of the nation, is to support all progressive international initiatives. Along with all we have to seek a political settlement and reconstruction of Afghanistan. As an authoritative member of the OIC, Kazakhstan is interested in peace in the Middle East. It is also important rapprochement with the Asia-Pacific region.

In general, our priorities remain unchanged. Among them – the development of partnerships with its neighbors – Russia, China, Central Asia, as well as with the United States, the European Union, the countries of Asia. "We will strengthen the Customs Union and Common Economic Space – said the Head of State, representing the Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy. – Our next goal – to create a Eurasian economic union. In this case, we clearly state that issues will be resolved by consensus. Political sovereignty would not be infringed. "

For our foreign policy is characterized by a friendly and predictable relations with all the countries that play a significant role in world affairs. This is the result of many years of consistent foreign minister under the leadership of our nation's leader. In a balanced foreign policy, of course great achievement Nazarbayev N.A.

Ethics of nuclear non-proliferation

Equality in the geopolitics of Kazakhstan has achieved through constant and highly visible participation in global processes. In the years of independence, one of the first significant acts that had universal resonance, was the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.

Moral aspects certainly play a role in all segments of international relations. But it is in matters of nuclear safety, it is vitally important for all of humanity, morality is of particular importance, becoming a universal category, which has the same value and in geopolitics, and in society, and in the soul of the individual. For the nuclear threat is the same fear of the state and the individual, urging geopolitical actors to make intelligent decisions, which eventually forms a special ethics of nuclear non-proliferation.

By signing the 29 August 1991 decree to close the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, then President Nazarbayev N.A. of Kazakhstan issued a denial of nuclear weapons and got a solid international guarantees our security from the leading nuclear powers – the U.S., Russia, Britain, France and China. By adopting international commitments on nuclear disarmament, Kazakhstan faced the need to carry out extensive work on the dismantling and removal of nuclear weapons. A key role in this was played by the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the United States. But even after the elimination of nuclear weapons in Kazakhstan, both states continue bilateral cooperation in the field of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and discuss further opportunities for regional security.

As a result, Kazakhstan, thanks primarily to the efforts of the nation's leader, played a key role in the establishment of the Central Asian zone free of nuclear weapons, and now actively supports the establishment of similar zones in other regions of the world such as the Middle East. The role of President Nazarbayev N.A. in these processes is essential and deserves international recognition. "We support the efforts of the international community to combat the threat of nuclear terrorism – said the Head of State in a December address to the nation. – Now we are talking about the need to firmly take further decisive action to eliminate the nuclear threat. We believe that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was and remains the cornerstone of the nuclear non-proliferation. An important catalyst for strengthening the non-proliferation regime should be the early entry into force of the Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty. "

And the international community perceives the positive efforts of Kazakhstan and its leader in the deepening nuclear safety. So, three years ago, the UN General Assembly endorsed the proposal Nazarbayev N.A. to declare August 29 as the International Day against Nuclear Tests. Due to its policy of responsible Kazakhstan is rightly ranked among the leaders of the non-proliferation regime is a model for other states.

President Nursultan Nazarbayev's contribution to nuclear disarmament is undeniable. His initiatives to strengthen the nuclear non-proliferation – it is an indisputable contribution to world stability, order and security. We believe that the merits of the nation's leader in global politics should be duly appreciated by the international community.

Integration in the fight against terrorism

An important component of geopolitics – the fight against terrorism, which has a downside. In itself immoral terror as an absolute evil that must be fought relentlessly and ruthlessly – there is no doubt. But sometimes causing fears of geopolitical forces military intervention in the internal affairs of other countries under the guise of the universal struggle against international terrorism.

In any case, the political fight terrorism and religious extremism need, including us, if trouble stepped into our limits. And the fight should be systematically and effectively solving the main function of the state - the security of the country.

Presenting the message to the people of Kazakhstan and the Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy, President Nazarbayev N.A. said: "The government and citizens should stand united against all forms and manifestations of radicalism, extremism and terrorism... Extremism and Terrorism in Kazakhstan are not ideological, but a criminal basis. For the pseudo-religious rhetoric hides criminal activity that undermines the foundations of society. It is an attack on peace and stability in our country. This is a test of the strength of our state and civic maturity".

Emotional speech President actually precedes thought and a clear plan of action, which includes the following provisions: 1) to improve the legislation in order to neutralize the manifestations of religious radicalism and extremism, and to develop anti-terrorism legislation; 2) hard to suppress the activities of non-traditional sects and pseudo-religious currents of doubt; 3) to strengthen the prevention of religious extremism in society, especially among young people;4) use dialogue platform of the Congress of leaders of world and traditional religions to resolve conflicts on religious grounds; 5) be willing to mediate in trouble spots in the region, as part of the Greater Middle East and even at a global level to resolve religious and ethnic conflicts.

The last point – prescription geopolitical order, characteristic of thinking leader of global scale. Without ignoring the threat inside the country, President Nazarbayev N.A. of Kazakhstan takes effort on a global level, knowing that political terrorism and religious extremism – a global threat with which to fight consistently to all States of the world.

Meanwhile, in recent times in the leading countries of Europe, in the U.S. and other powers are increasingly understood to increase the role of the Central Asian states, especially Kazakhstan in building a global security system to effectively combat terrorism. The main factors of the presence of terrorism in the region, experts say the use of the territory of Central Asia as a staging post during the preparation and transfer of terrorists from country to country, and recruit new supporters and performers, as well as the historical background for the development of Islam. It is believed that Islam could fuel under certain conditions, religious radicalism, for which President Nazarbayev N.A. spoke very accurately in Address to the Nation: "Of particular concern is the threat of the so-called religious extremism. Share a common concern and spiritual hierarchy. We cannot allow a sincere belief in God supplanted aggressive and destructive fanaticism. Bigotry is alien to the psychology and mentality of our peace-loving people. It is contrary to the Hanafi School, which adhere to the faithful of Kazakhstan".

In general we can say that Kazakhstan will continue to rapidly integrate into the global system to combat international terrorism. It is clear that in addition to the five Central Asian states in the anti-terrorism system in the Central Asian region also includes China and the member states of the CIS, including Russia plays a leading role. Taken steps in these states to counter terrorism are carried out both at the state and interstate and international levels.

We must not forget, of course, the possibility of counter-terrorism in the region within the framework of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which was chaired by Kazakhstan in 2010. The OSCE has also understand that the need to combat terrorism together. In connection with this interesting initiative advanced by Kazakhstani political scientists and experts in the field of international relations, rename the OSCE Organization for Security and сooperation in Eurasia. Kazakh scientists based on the fact that the OSCE has a high potential in the field of building a system of preventive action, especially in the region of Central Asia. We are talking about the expansion of the geographical area of responsibility of the OSCE at the present stage.

The fight against terrorism and morality

The problem of morality in dealing with political terrorism and religious extremism, it would seem, has an indirect value. In the first place – the specific counter-terrorism, in fact immoral and dangerous for the development of the human community.

However, there is, as we have noted, the other side of the problem – the geopolitical. Recently, more and more political scientists point out that the international fight against terrorism allows some global players solve geopolitical problems. And some of the experts, including the American, can afford to expressly recognize that international terrorism – a cover, created to address the specific geopolitical and economic problems. The most important of their argument – against international terrorism can be fought as much as long the opposition suggests extremely uncertain of the enemy, and it is difficult to assess how successful this fight. U.S. and its allies occupied most of Afghanistan and Iraq, but did not eliminate any of the terrorists or drug trafficking network.

Moreover, a number of countries began to consider them entitled to interfere in the affairs of other states and even invade their territory, explaining the motivation extraterritorial nature of international terrorism. However, other allied states have in one way or another involved in anti-terrorist operations. And the allies at risk in the category of "sponsors of terrorism" if they refuse to participate in the operation of the international coalition, or become a target of terrorist attacks, after take part in anti-terrorist invasion.

In any case, the presence of a broad international coalition to fight terrorism was to define a new world order in which to rank as one-sided individual states to the sources of terrorism. At the same moral considerations are the rationales for military intervention in any region. However, it is clear that morality in the new geopolitical doctrine may be the justifier of the element. We are seeing in global politics rapid departure from the conventional model of sovereignty, taking shape throughout the difficult XX century and justified in the development of many countries after the Second World War. But now a new world order, perhaps a prerequisite for future confrontations religious and cultural nature.

By introducing an important element of safety in modern geopolitics of the international fight against terrorism, such powers as the United States have gained incomparable opportunity to intervene directly in the conflict situation anywhere in the world without reference to international law. As a result, the fight against international terrorism legitimizes (new understanding) the presence of coalition forces in the territory of sovereign states. On the one hand, there is some hope on the effectiveness of such a cavalier by the standards of international law transactions. But on the other hand, the traditional model of sovereignty seems to be more ethical and moral criteria relevant international law.

Conclusion

Morality in ourselves

Definitely, you can continue to talk about issues of morality in geopolitics, as a lot of them. For example, it seems a minor other geopolitical problem of moral character associated with terrorism – terrorism coverage in the media. Meanwhile, the problem concerns the essence of the phenomenon. After the attack thinks for a wide media coverage. Without a television attack is meaningless.

But then there is a moral dilemma. The media should not be a platform for terrorist propaganda – that's obvious. At the same time, the media should provide the public with comprehensive information, and thus illuminate the problem of terrorism and extremism. And in the pursuit of ratings in highly competitive journalists sometimes step over the moral barriers.

Instill morality media difficult. You can, of course, to make and distribute worldwide code of honor journalists, including a ban on the glorification of terrorists, in an interview with the extremists, the transfer of the terrorists' demands, to publish headlines and photos, sow panic and fear. But still there is a wicked editor oversteps these prohibitions for circulation growth and earnings.

Anyway the moral state of geopolitics up not without morals national. So we need to replenish the spiritual power primarily within the country. "We are entering a period in the development of our state, when spiritual issues will be of no less importance than the economic, material order – said, presenting the Strategy Kazakhstan-2050, President Nazarbayev N.A. – We need to continue to work on the formation of historical consciousness of the nation".

In fact, how do we draw the strength to confront global challenges of the twenty-first century, if not of his own stories, from the spiritual wealth of our nation? We do not need to harden the hearts of a confrontation with threats century, but we must strengthen the moral structure of the mind and take care of our inner world.

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