Ekaterina Lozotska, bachelor’s degree student
Mykhailo Lulko, senior lector
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Economics
of agriculture
Economics
of Agriculture - the science that studies the development of the productive forces,
economic relations, performance features and expression of economic laws in
agriculture, and the mechanism and consequences of resource potential in the
agricultural sector.
An
important objective of agricultural economics as a science is to analyze the
use of land, materials, labor, financial resources, and finding ways for
increasing agricultural production and solve the food problem. the science that
studies the development of the productive forces, economic relations,
performance features and expression of economic laws in agriculture, and the
mechanism and consequences of resource potential in the agricultural sector.
An
important objective of agricultural
Agricultural
production is composed of two major branches - crops and livestock. Accordingly,
there is economy crop and livestock economy and their constituents economy
grain farming, vegetable growing, pig, cattle, poultry and others. In the
economy of the area, understand its physical infrastructure, resource capacity,
efficiency and other parameters that characterize the development of the
economy and its features in the sector. As agriculture as an industry is a
combination of different forms of economy (collective and state farms, peasant
(farm), their associations), each of which has its own characteristics that
distinguish the economy of the collective farm, state farm, peasant (farm) and
so on.
Agricultural
production is composed of two major branches:
o
crops
o
livestock
Improving
the efficiency of agriculture is a crucial prerequisite for accelerated
development of agriculture and further growth performance of the economy.
The
economic efficiency of agricultural production can be studied at different
levels. Therefore, allocate the cost-effectiveness: national economic,
agriculture and industries agriculture, collective, state and inter-farm
enterprises and unification, as well as their farm units, production of certain
crops, products, operation, reclamation, chemicals, agro-technical measures ;
manufacturing application of science and best practices.
Therefore,
allocate the cost-effectiveness:
o
national economic,
o
agriculture and industries agriculture,
o
collective,
o
state and inter-farm enterprises and
unification,
o
as well as their farm units,
o
production of certain crops,
o
products,
o
operation,
o
reclamation,
o
chemicals,
o
agro-technical measures ;
o
Manufacturing application of science
and best practices.
The
role of agriculture in the economy of the country or region shows the structure
and level of development. As an indicator of the role of agriculture in the
economy using the share of employment in agriculture economically active
population and the share of agriculture in GDP. These figures are quite high in
most developing countries, where the sector employs more than half of EAP (economically
active population). Agriculture in these countries is on the development of
extensive, ie increased production achieved expansion of acreage, increased
cattle, the increase in the number of employed in agriculture. In countries
whose economies are of the farm, the poor performance of mechanization,
chemicals, irrigation, etc...
The
highest level reached agriculture-developed countries in Europe and North
America, entered the post-industrial stage. In agriculture, it employs only
2.6% EAP. In these countries the "green revolution" took place in the
middle of the twentieth century, agriculture is characterized by the group of
science-based organization, increasing productivity, the new techniques of
agricultural machinery, pesticides and fertilizers, the use of genetic
engineering and biotechnology, robotics and electronics that develops in an
intensive way.
These
progressive changes occur in countries that are of the industrial, but the
level of intensification in them is much lower and the share of employment in
agriculture is higher than in post-industrial.
In
the developed countries, there is a crisis of overproduction of food, and
agricultural contrary, one of the most critical problems is the food problem
(the problem of malnutrition and hunger).
The
role of agriculture in the economy of the country or region shows the structure
and level of development.
The
object of the study are: land - the main means of production, through the
rational use of land assets, their classification; material and technical base
of agriculture; technological advances; fixed assets and working capital; work
and its performance and others.
References
1. Економічна енциклопедія: У трьох томах. Т. 1. / Редкол.: …С. В. Мочерний (відп.
ред.) та ін. – К.: Видавничий центр “Академія”, 2000. – 864 с.
2. http://ukr.vipreshebnik.ru/entsiklopediya/51-e/1855-e..
3. http://pidruchniki.com/12461220/ekonomika/ekonomika_s..
4. http://www.buh.fizma.net/index.php/ekonomika
5. http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сільське_господарство
6. http://library.if.ua/book/84/5931.html