History/ 2. General History

To the question of the historical evaluation of the process of Kazakhstan's accession Russia

Koldybaeva S.S., Associate Professor, Ospanova Lyazzat Baltabaevna

Kostanay State University named after A.Baitursynov

The history of the colonial stage of Kazakhstan was the focus of the country's history especially after the country's independence. One of the important and relevant in the country's history is the issue of accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. Prior historiography of the problem suffered various kinds of evaluation, starting with the now-classic in Soviet times, the definition of "accession" and ending with the term "occurrence". Be that as it may, the historical fact is that Kazakhstan is a result of complex conflicts in international relations has lost its political independence and sovereignty of almost two hundred and sixty years. For years, many scientists turned to the question of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia, they were interested in was voluntary or coerced accession of Kazakhstan to Russia. The objective meaning of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia in pre-revolutionary historiography perverted in favor of the colonial policy of tsarism. From the middle of 1930 - ies. in Soviet historical science some signs of rehabilitation policy of the empire against the former national outlying areas, including the Kazakh steppe. Russian domination presented as deliverance from slavery Kazakhs Asian states. The monograph N.G.Apollovoy "Accession of Kazakhstan to Russia in the 30s of the XVIII century." Kazakhstan's accession to Russia is seen as a progressive phenomenon in the history of the Kazakh people / 1; 88 /. In turn, the work of G. Togzhanova, PG Galuzo, AF Ryazanov, EK Fedorov imbued with the idea of "colonial conquest" steppe Russian imperialism, unequal partnership of the imperial center and the outskirts of the national, state interest in joining "foreigners" edge. PG Galuzo marked inhibitory effect of national oppression and plunder of colonies on economic development as the center of the country and the colonies / 2; 52 /. Among the first domestic work, which was analyzed in the territory of the Russian policy Stepno¬go edge, highlight the work S.Asfendiyarova "History of Kazakhstan since ancient times" / 3 /. Av¬tor work addresses the issue of accession to the Steppes Empire and considers that it conducted a policy of seizing land, stating that it was a direct conquest of Kazakh lands of the Russian Empire. Researcher, assessing Russia's policy on the territory of the region, writes: "It is not prosperity, peace and culture carried the royal conquest Kazakh masses, it carried devastation, robbery and murder." He distinguished between two major stage in the history of pre-revolutionary Kazakhstan as a colony of the Russian Empire - until its conquest by the tsarist government and after. According to him, in 20-30 years. 18 in. before the feudal lords of the Kazakh society was a dilemma "Either subordination more powerful neighbors in order to maintain its rule, or against conquest." Although SD Asfendiyarov and used the term "conquest", at the same time recognize that the occurrence of Kazakh land to Russia, which is the strongest and most developed neighbor, was ultimately inevitable phenomenon.

The problem of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia paid attention in academic journals. In the first academic edition of the "History of the Kazakh SSR" published in 1943, the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was regarded as a result of the machinations of Abul Khair Khan, who used the increased external threat to their own purposes and deceived biys warriors, or as a result of "collusion of the Kazakh elite and tsarist government "carried" against the will of the masses "and caused the struggle of the masses and the large number of small biys against citizenship. The team of authors based their estimates of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia from the theory of "absolute evil." Released in 1949, the second edition of the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was regarded as an act, which had great progressive significance for the Kazakh people. The third edition of the "History of the Kazakh SSR" in 1957, the authors concluded that the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia had a progressive value / 4; 156 /. Following the "History of the Kazakh SSR" monograph EB Bekmakhanov "Accession of Kazakhstan to Russia," which emphasized that "voluntary accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was caused by a necessity", despite the reactionary policy of tsarism and the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was profoundly progressive significance / 5; 102 /. A major contribution to the study of the problem and are working B.S.Suleymenova V.Ya.Basina "Kazakhstan as a part of Russia XVIII - early. XX centuries. " Russian and Kazakh Khanate in the XVI-XVIII centuries. (Kazahstan in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire)", "The Agrarian Question in Kazakhstan last third of XIX - early XX centuries. Thus, different evaluation process of accession of Kazakhstan to Russia, show the extreme complexity of the problem. But throughout criterion known is the practice. Given the experience of the existence of Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union can say the following: the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia was both positive and reactionary phenomenon. Positive in the sense that the accession of Kazakhstan contributed to the development of advanced economy, the productive forces, acquaintances and spread of Western culture. Negative in the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia - the transformation of the edge in raw material appendage of the Russian economy, beginning the process of decay of the Kazakh culture, language, folk customs and traditions.

List of references

1. Apollova NG Kazakhstan's accession to Russia in the 30s of the XVIII century. - Alma-Ata of the Kazakh SSR, 1960. - 230 p.

2. Galuzo PG Agrarian relations in the south of Kazakhstan in 1867-1917 years. -Alma-Ata, 1965.- 280 p.

3. Asfendiyarov SD History of Kazakhstan: From ancient times to the present day. - Almaty - Moscow, 1935. - 250 p.

4. Erofeev IV Kazakhstan's accession to Russia as a historiographical problem / Historical Sciences of the Soviet Kazakhstan (1917-1960 gg.). Essays on the formation and development. A.-A., 1990, pp 154-172;

5. Bekmahanov NE Kazakhstan's accession to Russia.- M .: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1957. - 377s.

6. Basin VJ Russian and Kazakh Khanate in the XVI-XVIII centuries. - Alma-Ata: Science of the Kazakh SSR, 1971. - 270 p.