Organization memory with machine language

Organization memory with machine language

Uakbaeva Mahabbat Berikovna, faculty of information technology, magistrate, 1st year

Baymankulov Abdykarim Tungutbaevich - doctor of sciences., Associate Professor of Software

Kostanay State University of A. Baitursynov, Kostanay

Microprocessor hardware RAM to use several models:

- Segmented model. This model program memory for a few areas (segments) will be allocated. And it is only in these segments of the program can only access the data.

- Surface model. 4 KB regarded as a reasonable set of blocks.

Microprocessor depending on the modes of implementation of these models:

- Address mode (real mode).

- Protected mode. Intel microprocessor (i80286) model contains all the built-in architectural projects.

- 8086 virtual mode.

Address Space 640 KB (00000h 9FFFFh) is the main RAM. Random access memory is filled with original breaks vector (4 bytes for the 256 vectors). Break at the end of the vector in the BIOS data area (00400h 004FFh). BIOS data area is filled with information on your computer during the boot process.

Memory area (500h address) filled with data DOS system. Traditionally, the system can be several dozen kB.

If the CONFIG.SYS file DEVICE = ... directives (ADM.SYS, SMARTDRV.SYS, EMM386.EXE, ANSI.SYS burden on drivers, etc.) is connected, where they are loaded after the system. Drivers are located in the lower part of the resident COMMAND.COM command processor. 3 kB.

Operating system components can normally 60-90 kB mentioned. 640 KB memory to the border with the rest of any system or application software is downloaded for free.

Address space remaining 384 KB (upper memory) for permanent storage devices.

PC / AT computers are part of the extended memory and the maximum size depends on the width of the processor address bus and using the 80286 processor can achieve up to 15 MB. This memory will start from the address 100000h.

Extended memory (l00000h-up to 10FFEFh-from) another is called the Big 64 KB memory area (High Memory Area, NMA). By default, EMM386.EXE driver extended memory to 128 KB UMB-replace, C000 ... CFFF place for addresses.

One of the few independent address spaces segmentation not only within the boundary of the report addressing mechanism to ensure the presence of the general system. Independent and device-level segment contained in the memory unit.

Accesses to the beginning of the program in the segment address of the segment. That starts from 0 and will be equal to the size of the segment address. The microprocessor is called the effective address to be used when accessing the data.

Physical memory addressing mechanism has the following characteristics:

- In the range from 0 to 1 MB up to change the physical address;

- The maximum size of 64 KB segment;

To access the actual physical address of the OS is a need to push out of the start address of the segment and the segment. Segment of the address is displayed as a 16-bit value. The maximum value of 216 corresponds to -When writing system programs each byte is considered, therefore, as a programming language is assembled. The use of assembly language, we consider the system and architectural conditions. Analyze the following reports: Enter a value in a register do or content.

First of all, build the algorithm. Keyboard input and output of its symbolic information is carried out. This information is in accordance with the schedule of encoding ASCII. If the numbers work, the symbolic information must be provided against the machine format conversion. After such a conversion is necessary to carry out the calculations, the results need to change the symbolic form again. Then you want to monitor the information.

1. 0 ... 9 hexadecimal ASCII code corresponding to the binary has a different view. There are two ways to convert the ASCII code:

a) (ASCII code) h - 30h

b) 16-mania ASCII bytes to a tetrad zero.

2. The conversion algorithm and 16-mania line handwritten letter symbols need to be split. And the value of the ASCII code 37h or 67h must adjust the parameters.

References

[1] Spichyn A.T. Integration in the CIS as a strategic perspective innovative modernization of the economy: the experience of the theoretical analysis. M.: Economics, 2009.