Государственное управление / 2. Современные технологии
управления
Simak Sergii,
PhD in Public
Administration,
Vice-rector
of Academy of Municipal Adminitration (Kiev, Ukraine)
Development of public – private partnership in the context of improving
competitiveness economy of Ukraine
At the present stage of reforming
the Ukrainian economy an important catalyst activity formation of various
partner agencies in this field should be a public-private partnership. The institute of PPP only beginning to be
applied in Ukraine, although it is very popular in the world for the
construction and management of infrastructure. The researchers point out that PPP is realized in different
forms depending on the method of participation, ownership of infrastructure,
risk allocation, duration of cooperation.
Modern forms
of partnership related to the process of restructuring the national economy is,
in fact, an indirect privatization. Sometimes the process of creating
partnerships simply called privatization. Privatization means the alienation of
property owned by the State, public entities and municipalities (municipal
property) to the ownership of individuals and businesses. Thus, for pure
privatization is a transfer of state or municipal property in private hands. In
relation to projects of PPP, this process is impossible, because the effect of
these projects primarily covers important infrastructure objects, privatization
of which will result in a monopoly position holders and the infringement of the
rights of citizens of Ukraine. You can talk about conditional privatization of
some state functions: planning, construction, financing, management and so on. Depending
on which of its functions and in which the volume of state transfers in driving
the private sector, we can distinguish different forms and model of PPP.
In modern conditions the system
of state regulation of PPP in Ukraine is in the process of development is caused by
the world economic trends, including new developments that brought the current
economic crisis, and the processes and reforms underway in the country.
Because of the state in the
modernization of the economy put a number of fundamentally new challenges, it
immediately raises the question of the mechanism of interaction between
centralization and decentralization of government functions in the regulation
of PPP,
that is
voluntary transfer of powers of the state both at local and at supranational
level regulation.
The functions and powers of the
states that are currently subject to decentralization in government regulation
of foreign investment include: development investment programs and projects,
investment strategies of individual areas of local importance regions in
general, and the functions that require independence in resolving problems
between state, local governments, regional offices of state and foreign
investors.
The main functions and powers to
be transferred to the supranational level are: financial regulation, trade and
environmental spheres and powers associated with the entry of various international
and regional organizations.
As one of the main mechanisms for the
implementation of innovative economic development scenario selected PPP designed to create a system through public
investment policy to ensure an increase in private investment in the Ukrainian
economy. Projects partnerships with state and private business are based on the
implementation of the jointly developed mutually beneficial approaches to
resolution of obligations: the state an opportunity to increase the efficiency
of public investment by attracting private investment and management experience
of the private sector and the business - government support (financial or
administrative) in realization of their projects.
In summary, we note
that the current practice of implementing the state provides the structural
competitiveness of primarily organic combination of state innovative
industrial, structural and investment policy, which allows you to make
generalizations about trends further support.
That is to ensure the
competitive structure of the economy, in our opinion, should:
- make an objective
assessment of the effectiveness of existing government programs of certain
activities, territories, infrastructure facilities and systems, providing them
with incentives to assess the feasibility of their implementation and the
necessary financial security;
- move from sectoral
development priorities to support certain areas, stages and processes of
distribution and new production technologies;
- optimize the
structure of industrial production, while strengthening the role of the
internal market and accelerating the development of high-tech and high-tech
industry by clearly defined sectoral priorities and long-term structural
development in the context of the global evolution of technological structures;
- provide support for
the development of priority areas as identified through targeted leverage
(investment, tax, budget, credit and other policies) and by coordinating all
other means of economic policy with the needs of priority sectors;
- strengthen the
"aggressive" export policy through diversification of export
structure towards a significant increase in the share of high-tech products and
services through the promotion of Ukrainian goods on foreign markets and a wide
range of application eligible under the rules of international methods support
exporters;
- develop measures to
direct state support scientific and technological development in fundamental
and applied areas;
- improve the system
of government innovation and technological development of the national economy
by introducing the practice of the process of monitoring and forecasting,
improving the "culture of innovation" policy making;
- develop measures to
increase the participation of banks (including foreign ones) in priority
investment projects in Ukraine, etc.