Institute of Bioresrus Nakhchivan branch Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences (ANAS)
Batmaz O.S
Ibrahim Chechen University Agri, (Turkey)
THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPING FERNS IN TURKISH REPUBLIC
On this article there is given investigation history
of the fern branch plants included the Turkey flora. There is given information
about the study of the fern spread in Agri province too.
Keys
Words: Turkey, Agri, fern, plant, pteridophyta, investigation history
The ferns are one
of the oldest group of cryptogams that are quite common in all climatic
conditions except for poles and dry zones. The ferns that constitute the main
elements of pteridoflora can be encountered in all fields which are suitable
for them to develop.
The ferns are not
in dominant form anywhere in the world today, almost all of the modern ferns
are grass plants. The systematic, ecological and morphological characteristics
of the ferns which are almost 12000 species are known by the researchers. Since
the first publication of “Turkish Flora” (1965) in which the ferns were
handled, several works including the fern species collected from the fields of
Turkey have been published [5].
The systematic
structure and the species of the ferns have been analyzed in many studies
conducted in Turkey by several researchers; however, the ferns in the
Ağrı flora haven’t been analyzed until today.
P.H. Davis
(1965), Turkey flora researcher prepared the first volume of Turkish Flora with
his own works and with the ferns from different parts of Turkey and the works
[Bossier (1867), Aznavur (1897, 1899), Born Muller (1908), Handel-Mazzetti
(1909), Post (1932, 1933) Czetzott (1938), Kasaplıgil (1947), Walter
(1956), Yaltırık et. al (1964)]. These works include the brief
ecological characteristics and descriptions of the ferns [5].
After the
publication of the first volume of Turkish flora in which Turkey’s ferns are
handled, various researches about the ferns were done in the different parts of
Turkey by some botanists [Huber-Morath (1966, 1973, 1977), Demiriz et al.
(1969, 1977), Baytop ans Özocak (1970), Sorger (1971, 1978, 1984, 1985,
1987), Demiriz and Kaynak (1977), Ekim (1977, 1978), Coskun (1978),
Cırpıcı (1979), Cetik and Vural (1979), Paris and Fraser -
Jenkins (1980), Sorger and Buhner (1983), Ekim and Ark (1985), Yayıntas
(1985), Donner (1985), Bekat (1987), Kaynak and Tuyji (1991), Tuyji (1994),
Kodal (1996), Kaynak et al. (1996 a, b), Cakmak (1997), Ekmekcioglu (2002)] and
the results were published [1, 3,5, 6, 8, 11].
Huber-Morath
(1966, 1973, and 1977) determined the localities of the ferns in his floristic
studies conducted in different parts of Anatolia.
Demiriz et al.
(1969, 1977) stated the expansion zones of the fern species, which were
collected in different times by researchers from Herbai fonds of Turkey [6, 7].
Baypot and Ozocak
(1970) indicated the expansion zones of the fern species which were in “ISTE”
herbai fond and which were collected from different parts of Turkey [1].
Fraser-Jenkins and Corley (1973) determined the cytotaxonomical structure and
general characteristics of habitat of 3 species of Dryopteris spreading in
North Anatolia and Caucasia [8].
Demiriz and
Kaynak (1977, 1980) determined the systematic of the ferns spreading in East
and South- East Anatolia as a result of the studies they conducted in this
region [6].
Coskun (1978)
conducted pharm botanic studies recording the descriptions, designate keys and
spreading regions of the species among the Dryopteris and Asplenium spreading in Turkey [4].
Secmen and
Leblebici (1978) considered floristic findings collected from the island as a
result of the study about the flora of Gokceada as a determined that there were
fern species among these plants.
Cırpıcı
(1979) investigated the flora of the Murat Mountain in West Anatolia and stated
the systematic composition of the ferns.
After P.H. Davis
(1965), Parris and Fraser-Jenkins (1980) divided Turkey into four phytogeographical
regions as a result of their studies and expertise, investigated the plants in
the 14 herbarium font and stated the systematic composition of the ferns [5].
Gemici and Secmen
(1983) investigated the flora of Yamanlar Mountain in İzmir, in the West
Anatolia and organized the floristic list of the ferns in the region.
Ozhatay and
Cırpıcı (1987) stated the systematic compounds of the plants as
a result of the pharmobotaic trip in Uludag between 17-27 May, 1987and also
stated the ferns spreading in the region.
P.H. Davis (1988)
recorded the descriptions and spreading zones of the fern samples, which were
not systematized and were collected from different zones in Turkey while
preparing the 10th volume of Turkey’s flora [5].
Kaynak (1989)
conducted environmental studies related to ferns spreading in the Southeast
Anatolia and analyzed the environmental factors and the relations between the
species, and characterized the ferns in terms of environmentally [2].
Demiriz done the
cytotaxonomical evaluation of Asplenium obovatum species and determined the
ecological characteristic of its spreading areas [9, 10].
Kaynak and Tuyji
(1991) characterized the ecological characteristics of the ferns spreading in
Bursa and Balıkesir regions and grouped them in terms of their habitats.
As a result of the reviewed studies, it is understood that pteridoflora is
represented with 24 spices, 20 forms and 62 species in Turkey. However, this
information does not make it impossible to analyze pteridoflora in the field.
As a result of the study conducted in 2011, the plants in the fern family
spreading in the Ağrı region flora. have been started to be learnt
systematically and their systematic structure was determined and 2 new spices
with 10 species included in 6 forms were presented together.
References
1.
Baytop
A., Ozocak N. Examples of
plants in the Herbarium İSTE Turkey - Pteridophyta
and Gymnospermae // İst.
Univ. Ecz. Fak. Mec. 1970, ¹ 6 (Written in Turkish)
2.
Benlioglu
O., Kaynak G., Tarımcılar G. Ferns of the Blacksea Region of Turkey
Chorological and Ecological Studies // Fern Gaz., 1997, t. 15, ¹ 5, pp. 169-192 (Written in Turkish)
3.
Coskun H.
Ferns on morphological region of Thrace,
morphological and ecological studies. D.P.
Üniv.Fen. Bil. Enst. Master
Thesis. Kutahya, 2000 (Written in
Turkish)
4. Coskun M. The direction of research on pharmaceutical botany Dryopteris and Asplenium
species grown in Turkey. PhD thesis, Ank. Üniv. Ecz. Fak., Ankara, 1978 (Written in
Turkish)
5. Davis P.H. Flora of
Turkey and the East Aegean İslands. Edinburgh at the University Press,
1965, v.1, 567 p.
6.
Demiriz
H., Kaynak G. Contributions to the fern flora of the Southeast Anatolian
region, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mec., 1977, t. 42, ¹ 1-4, pp. 81-85
7.
Demiriz
H., Tutel B., Aydın A. Turkey the
studies on the flora: new materials belonging to Turkey ferns, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mec., 1977, t.
VII, ¹ 2, pp. 71-79 (Written in Turkish)
8. Fraser-Jenkins
C.R., Corley H.V. Dryopteris caucasica
an ancestral diploidin the male fern agregate // Brit. Fern. Gaz. 1973, 10 (5),
pp. 221-231
9.
Kaynak
G., Benlioglu O., Tarımcılar G. Contribution to the fern flora of
Turkey ot sistematik // Derg. 1996 a, t. 3, ¹ 1, pp. 25-54
10.
Kaynak
G., Benlioğlu O., Tarımcılar G. New floristik records for the
various gird squares from the fern flora of Turkey // Fern Gaz. 1996 b, vol.
15, ¹ 4, pp. 119-140 (Written in Turkish)
11. Parris B.S., Farser Jenknis C.R. A provisional checklist of Turkish
pteridophyta. Notes R.B.G., Edinb., 1980, 38 (2), pp. 273-281