Prof.
O. P.Babkina1, J.O.Stogniev2
1National
medical university of a name of O.O.Bogomolets; the Department of forensic
medicine and the medical law, Kyiv, Ukraine.
2Lugansk regional
bureau of a forensic medical examination (Severodonetsk), Ukraine.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE URGENCY OF CARRYING OUT OF THE
FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF THE MINNO-EXPLOSIVE TRAUMA IN THE CONDITIONS OF
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN TERRITORY OF EAST AREAS OF UKRAINE
Introduction. On April, 13th 2014 fulfilling duties of the
president of Ukraine Alexander Turchinov has signed the decree about the
beginning of Antiterrorist operation with attraction of Armed forces in the
east of Ukraine. The situation which has arisen in an opposition zone, has led
to application not only fire shooting arms, but also mine-explosives (a mine, a
pomegranate, a land mine, a rocket, a shell, etc.), That has led to sharp
increase of traumatizing people from weapon influence. Heavy mine-explosive
forms of damage of people, in a zone of an extreme situation in territory of
Ukraine mention not only military men, are involved also the peace population
which is deprived means of a body armor and has no special preparation.
Results of research. As a result of carrying out of antiterrorist operation in the east of
Ukraine which lasts since April 2014 according to the United Nations, were lost
more than 9000 and have got wounds nearby 20000 persons. On November, 20th 2015
the General Staff of Military Force of Ukraine has sounded official losses of
the Ukrainian army. During Antiterrorist operation the total fighting, and not
fighting losses of the Ukrainian army in 2014-2015 has made 2673 persons.
During carrying out of antiterrorist operation and on present time in Lugansk a
regional bureau of a forensic medical examination it is spent more than 460
examinations of victims from an explosive trauma. Application of a considerable
quantity and versions of mine-explosives in east part of Ukraine has led to
occurrence plural compatible and the combined mine-explosive damages.
Discussion of results of research. As explosion understand instant allocation of energy
as a result of physical, chemical or nuclear changes of explosive. The damages
which have resulted explosion, have been allocated for the first time from fire
damages in separate explosive a trauma kind in 1962 the professor of chair of
forensic medicine of Army medical college of V.Molchanov. The situation in the
modern world has changed, aspiration to keep power of the explosive weapon of
direct action and to increase defeat radius, despite modern means of a body
armor, has led to occurrence of the combined and multifactorial explosive
damages, has caused allocation of explosive damages in an independent category
of a modern fighting trauma - "mine-explosive wounds". Mine-explosive
wounds grows out of influence on a human body of an ammunition of explosive
action. Direct influence of an explosive shock wave is accompanied by explosive
destruction of fabrics or a separation of segments of finitenesses. At shell
explosion in immediate proximity from the person or at contact blasting on an
antipersonnel mine, the basic destructive blow on a body is made by a powerful
wave of gaseous products of a detonation of explosive, and also a dense stream
of fragments of the case of an ammunition. As a result of influence of gases
and a flame are observed burning of clothes and thermal burns. Weight and
character of damages being at the moment of explosion in buildings and
constructions, depends on degree of their destruction. Many victims can appear
under fragments of designs, and also in premises with the filled up or
destroyed ways of evacuation.
Ukrainian forensic medical experts in exclusively rare cases faced
carrying out of examinations of victims as a result of a mine-explosive trauma.
With occurrence in 2014 and on present time of an extreme situation in east
regions of Ukraine cases of destruction
of people from a mine-explosive trauma have become frequent. With the beginning
of operations and use fighting the explosive weapon in forensic medical
branches victims with the heavy, connected and combined traumas which character
specified in a mine-explosive trauma began to arrive.
According to the current legislation, the Criminal
remedial code of Ukraine, item 238. "Survey of a corpse", item 1.
Survey of a corpse by the inspector, the public prosecutor is lead at
obligatory participation of the forensic medical expert... Participation of the
forensic medical expert in surveys of places of the incidents connected
with destruction suffered from
mine-explosive action are connected with certain complexities and difficulties:
- The big scales as a result of explosions which can
sometimes reach several kilometres increasing a zone of survey of a scene;
- Danger of detection at survey of a scene of fighting
explosives or self-made high-explosive shell (any parcel, a bag, a box, a
suspicious subject, etc.) Demands (demolition) devices at first check or mine
clearing in which there is a scene;
- At a collapse of designs and constructions from
explosive influence, there is a necessity for the work, demanding and
elimination of blockages which the body of the victim will allow to examine
dismantling;
- Survey of a body of a corpse of the victim is often
lead in a differentiation zone where operations are conducted that can cause
danger to a life and health of participants of survey of a scene;
- Plural compatible the damages accompanied by
destruction of a body, a separation and destruction of finitenesses, heavy
craniocereberal damages, plural open damages also wounds of internal bodies of
a breast and a stomach, involving increase in time of survey of a scene;
- The delayed terms of survey of a body of a corpse on
a scene, leads destroying influence of environment on a body of the victim,
especially during warm time of days, causing putrefactive changes.
According to the current legislation of
the Criminal remedial code of Ukraine, item 242. "The bases of carrying
out of examination" law enforcement bodies of Ukraine after the reference
of the side of criminal manufacture or on the instructions of the inspector of
the judge or court take out the decision about forensic medical examination
appointment. At carrying out of forensic medical examinations of the lost
people or victims at mine-explosive traumas experts have difficulties at the
decision of questions taken out in the decision law enforcement bodies:
- Absence of the full description of circumstances
upon destruction or causing of damages
from action of mine-explosives;
- Plural damages, separations and destructions of
finitenesses sometimes full destruction of a body and as putrefactive changes
of bodies of victims complicate their identification;
- Plural receipts of the unidentified lost people from
a mine-explosive trauma;
- Absence of the information on the mechanism and
character of action of an explosive, influences medical aid rendering in
medical institutions suffered from mine-explosive traumas;
- Absence sufficient classifications of initially
injuring shells on which it would be possible to identify a mine-explosive
kind;
- Complexity of definition of the injuring properties,
suddenly operating subjects at mine-explosive influence on a human body in
connection with their variety;
- Influence of a heat and a flame leads burning and
carbonization of bodies of a corpse that complicates an establishment of the
mechanism and character of damages.
For the qualified decision of these and other
questions it is necessary to study more deeply forensic medical aspects of a
mine-explosive trauma as cases of a traumatism from fighting the explosive
weapon will not stop in the near future:
- Fighting collisions proceed on border, collisions
with use of the explosive weapon are happen and to this day;
- The set mine-explosive the weapon is left on the
mined minefields which have remained without supervision;
- A finding illegal the explosive weapon on hands the
population, and also still has thrown mine-explosives in a zone of carrying out
of antiterrorist operation in the east of Ukraine.
Conclusions. Despite all difficulties in carrying out of
antiterrorist operation unidentified experts of Ukraine have received huge
practical experience in carrying out of examinations at explosive and
mine-explosive traumas. Only full cease-fire on a differentiation line in a
zone of carrying out of antiterrorist operation, mine clearing of minefields,
withdrawals of the illegal weapon which are in the peace population and
carrying out of educational activity among the population will allow to reduce
traumas of population and destructions of people from action of
mine-explosives.
Now we define the basic scientific directions for
studying of specificity of carrying out of a forensic medical examination at
mine-explosive traumas that could be ready for the decision of the questions
put to us. Thus, arising difficulties at carrying out of such examinations in
the conditions of a zone of carrying out of antiterrorist operation remain open
and demand the further practical and scientific working out on the basis of
complex studying of all arisen problems.
The
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