ART OF LITERATURE AND
SPIRITUALITY IDEALS
Dautova S. B.,
Doctor of philological sciences,
professor,
Director of Research Institute
Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakh National
Pedagogical named after Abay
Development of philological thought in Kazakhstan develops in line with
the latest trends in the world of science, presenting a special interest in the
spiritual traditions of Turkic, Eastern culture. System of historical
premise of the development paradigm of modern philology in Kazakhstan came objectives
of social and economic change. Achievement of state sovereignty as a basic
constitutional system has become determining cause of conceptual revision
history of Kazakh literature review in the aspect of the genetic roots of
literature and its relationship to ancient Turkic period of language arts, and
from the perspective of intercultural dialogue in the paradigm of the
relationship of languages and literatures of the world.
Humanitarian resource, enclosed in language and literature, presents the
skeleton of the preservation and development of mankind. Who revives the golden
fund of the national literature, which was forced to oblivion. The
rapidly
growing
number
of
literary
works. In this regard, need to radically different way to
understand brewing "unknown face" shaped complex picture of the
world. Leading scientists in the world in the field of literary criticism and
linguistics have extensively studied this problem.
In this perspective, the problem of artistic and linguistic world is the
most relevant and effective in discovering the meaning of the valuable work of
art in shaping the spiritual and moral guidance and motivation of the young
generation.
Experience and the
spiritual heritage of the Turkic peoples appears
as an equal element of the
dialogue of civilizations. The reason for this consists
in the fact
that the Turkic
culture, showing the highest degree of spirituality correlates with
the movement of
the spirit of man.
Turkic world, leaving the
roots back centuries, has preserved the
continuity of
humanistic principles, has
a significant
spiritual, ideological, economic impact on the
development paradigm of
contemporary global
processes on
the formation of
the typology of
the contemporary world.
Common Turkic literary
heritage has deep roots and covers a huge range
of space-time, starting with ancient
times and determining the genotype of modern
cultural rights. The formation and
development
of language, literature, literature of Turkic tribes
exhibit of
historical and
ethnic dynamics of
modulation,
and show that internal cultural relationship
that characterizes the literature of
the Turkic peoples,
which is a harmonious part
of world culture.
Ancient Turkic literary
heritage of the
different by
intensive formation of new qualities of
spirituality,
with the
versatility
and relevance in
a multiethnic
environment of
the Turkic tribes. Dynamism, mobility of the spiritual culture of the steppe peoples and contributed
to the fact that they were kind
of cultural bridge between East and
West. Openness, flexibility of
thinking, perception of brightness in
an infinite
time and spatial paradigm determined
the uniqueness
of artistic means and
methods of Turkic literature and did
not prevent
her inner
spiritual integrity.
Should be said about
the formation of
spiritual culture and
literature of the Kazakhs, who are active
participants in the
global events that
determined the
paradigm of cultural
and historical
development of the
peoples of Siberia, Central, Central
and Western
Asia, Eastern Europe. The
idea of the ancient Turkic autochthonous alphabet scientifically
proven. Archaeological excavations near Almaty led
to the discovery
of inscriptions in
the Saka kurgan V-IV century. Nomadic
way of life
of Scythians necessitated the
emergence tamga as a
symbol, as a cultural phenomenon, as the
emblem of the tribe or clan as
the basis of
the alphabet, as
a sign of membership, continuing till
the nowadays.
Ch. Valihanov,
the famous anthropologist, folklorist, historian, speaking of the Kazakh poetic art, particularly focused on
the idea of
the
integrity of the
spiritual culture of
the Kazakh people:
"It is amazing how fresh preserved their
ancient Kyrgyz tradition, and believed, and
still amazing that in all the remotest ends
of the steppe, especially in
verse saga, and transferred
to the same collation were
literally identical, as lists of
one manuscript. Oddly enough it
seems like an incredible accuracy
of word of mouth sources nomadic hordes
of illiterate, yet it is an
actual fact,
not to be questioned "[1, 391].
Historical continuity, respect for literary tradition, the
search for new means of artistic recreation of the world characterized by the
development of Turkish literature, from samples of artistic monuments Tengrian
era: epos "Alyp Ep Tonga", "Shu" heroic epic era of the
Huns, "Ogyz-kagan" " Attila, "" Kok bor³
"," Ergenekon "Ancient monuments of rock 'Kүlteg³n",
"Tonykok", "B³lge kagan" and ending with classical examples of Kazakh heroic epos
"Қobylandy
batyr", "Alpamys batyr", "Er-Targyn." An important
artistic achievement of this literature has been the creation of beauty
categories, due to historical necessity of the struggle for independence,
freedom of the people. The functional purpose of the heroic epic is defined in
the image of the perfect ideal of the hero that protects the interests of the
race, tribe, and later the people. Means of artistic expression of the heroic
epic - an epithet, comparison, hyperbole, metaphor, showing recurrence and
continuity over the centuries, enriching the system with new artistic means
intense colors and nuances in the portrayal of the hero and the events
associated with it.
In the formation of a
new artistic
aesthetic conception
of man and the world it is important to understanding the
artistic experience of the steppe tribes, bearing a
unique experience and outlook, high
humanistic start. Chinese records show
that in the legends preserved ancient totemic beliefs of
Turkic tribes. One of
the reasons
to maintain continuity in
the idea of
artistic originality, and in
the delineation
became poeticization holy
land - it has found expression in
the tradition of
"Otuken," repeated in the
Orkhon monuments, in
the writings of
Al-Biruni and
Mahmud of Kashgar. Also the theme of
the sacred land poetization complemented the
legend of the
fairy mountain
valley "Ergenekon" is
not available
for the invasion of enemies. In
the Kazakh literature dream of
a peaceful and prosperous life embodied in
the work of
Hasan Kaigy, relentlessly searching
for his people to the promised land "Jer uiiq."
One of the jewels of the
ancient Turkic
heritage is
"my grandfather book Qorqyt" - historical epic based on
true historical facts. A well-known expert
said N.Kelimbetov in-depth scientific
analysis of the
philosophical depth of
thought says the main character of
the product [2].
Thoughts and aspirations in
common with
his grandfather Qorqyt thoughts and
dreams of modern man. This is the distinctive
quality of highly artistic literature, characterized by the principles of
humanism. And
the artistic monuments of Ancient Literature, in
particular, "my
grandfather book Qorqyt," are the treasures of
spiritual thought, demanded all
of humanity.
The value of
the literary
monument is
the spiritual content that
does not lose its relevance in a temporary space, is close
to affecting the heart and soul
of man irrespective of his race and
religion.
The artistic world of Turkish
literature and its successor, - Kazakh literature actualize the
man himself,
his emotional world, their social experience,
its spiritual and
intellectual
accumulation. Dominated the
world map in the relationship between
man and nature,
in a constant transition
from the deification of sebya infinitely powerful, and this has affected
perception of the world of
the steppe people, identify themselves with
the whole universe,
perceiving all
of the surrounding nature as
our home. This was the
contradiction,
as reflected in the literature as
an artistic
conflict is the
struggle and the unity of man and the world.
A special
artistic achievement Turkic literature and Kazakh epic was creating an image of
a warrior of the steppe - the ideal hero of literature. The unity of the
perception of space and time determined by the integrity of the ancient
artistic and literary heritage. Optimism pervades the artistic perception of
the world, represented by the universality of conflict, high humanistic
principles of aesthetic attitude to the world have identified the role and
importance of Ancient Literature in the world cultural space.
Turkology as
a science is experiencing some difficulties, the origins of which
go to the official policies
of the Science of the USSR, distorts
and ignores the facts of
history and culture
of the Turkic peoples. For
example, it appears that
in the history of
the Turkic peoples of the former Soviet
Union is not the Bronze Age, which contradicted by scientific evidence up to the
nineties of the twentieth century in
monographs and textbooks on the history of Kazakh literature, with
few exceptions
the ancient Turkic stage
of development
is not reflected in
any way, as if it was not in history. In
view of these
facts it
seems that Turkology in post-Soviet
states, particularly in Kazakhstan is entering a new phase
in its development,
and in this unexplored field
of knowledge
is much greater
than studied.
Kazakhstan gained independence, the state
has become a powerful impetus to the possibilities of access and study of the
Ancient monuments of literature as a source of spiritual culture. In this
revival of interest in their origins clearly identified two problems. The first
- the desire for spiritual rebirth through a deep knowledge of their own
history and culture. Despite the processes of globalization is - a global
trend, typical of those countries and communities that aspire to leadership in
the progressive development of humanity. This trend is expressed in the words
of a famous sociologist Francis Fukuyama: "Today was vital to develop a
deeper understanding of what makes a variety of different cultures and that is
the basis of their operation, because the problem of global competition, both
political and economic, will increasingly is formulated in terms of culture.
" Thus, the harmonious integration into the global spiritual space is
possible only when self-awareness and self-identity of the nation. In a global
world process can clearly be seen national renaissance of paradigm, and it is sometimes seen as a
response to the challenges of globalization - such as universal urbanization,
standardization and unification. Experience in the spiritual heritage of the
Turkic peoples acts as an equal element of the dialogue of civilizations,
refuting the various pseudo-scientific concepts.
Keep in mind the fact that the Turkic-speaking peoples are one
of the many peoples of the world, their spatial dispersal widely and covers
Asia, Europe, Australia and American continents. As the number of
Turkic-speaking peoples occupy second place in the world after the Slavic
family of nations. Socio - political changes in the early nineties of the
twentieth century led to the disbanding of the USSR and the emergence of five
independent Turkic states, some of whom are of Kazakhstan.
We support
the view that Turkology not be limited to areas of linguistics and literature,
as so often happens in modern science. Turkic world, leaving the roots back
centuries, has preserved the continuity of humanistic principles, has a
significant spiritual, ideological, economic vlyanie the paradigm of modern
global development processes, the formation of the typology of the contemporary
world. From this point of view Turkology fundamental needs a comprehensive
approach covering all sides of all faces of the Turkic world view - ethics,
religion, philology, aesthetics, the right culture, ethnography, history,
psychology, pedagogy, logic. In this regard, common Türkic literary
heritage because of the functional purpose of artist expression has become a
huge treasure trove of spiritual experience of centuries of Turkic civilization.
Hence, the
obvious in the Turkic world striving for a
deeper understanding of
the origins of the
centuries-old
experience and
generalization
reflects the paradigm of the
world's civilization processes. In
this connection
it should be said about
the positive
aspirations of the
Republic of Turkey
on the development of
cultural interactions of all the Turkic peoples. In
1999 I was a member of the International Women's
Forum of the Muslim world, which was held in
Istanbul. For me it was an important experience
of unity of Muslim and Turkic world. In
the capital
of Turkey in 2006 on
the initiative of
the General Association
of Academies
of Asia was organized by
Vano special session examines the policy management
of cultural heritage
in Asian countries.
In
Kazakhstan in
2010 by
the initiative
of President Nursultan
Nazarbayev opened the Academy of International Turkic. In
large universities, the Department organized "Türkology." The republic has produced scientific
journals have begun "Türkology", "Altaic
and Turkic
language." In Astana, the Eurasian National
University named after L. Gumilev a
Centre of Turkic and Altaic, and new master's
degree training "The
language of the Turkic written monuments", "Turkic languages".
These initiatives are consistent, they
are a reflection of the politics of
Turkic states,
aimed at enriching the spiritual
space of the global community. This is
a prerequisite for
understanding the multidimensional system of
cultural - civilizational processes of
global development.
And in our
country -
in Kazakhstan, and
in some of our neighboring states in recent
years carried out extensive programs to
collect, study and promotion of cultural
heritage, including Turkic period. Since Kazakhstan's
independence
at the state level were
held anniversaries of the great sons
of Turkic civilization - Cork Ata
and Al - Farabi, and marked the
anniversary
date of the
ancient cities
of the Silk Road, located
on the territory
of Kazakhstan - Turkestan, Taraz. State
program "Cultural Heritage", adopted in 2004,
which is extensively and comprehensively solve
the problems of scientific and methodological
support for
the revival of the
Kazakh and Turkic culture and
spirituality.
In literary studies, this program
focuses on research and publication of a
series of works on the folklore and
ancient written monuments. In this
connection the
Institute of Literature and
Art named M. Auezov
under the Ministry of
Education and Science
has prepared a
ten new history of
Kazakh literature,
Anthology of
Kazakh Music and the Body of Kazakh
folklore. Among the research projects of unprecedented novelty, scope previously
unexplored material and
the volume is a collection of Kazakh folklore, under
the symbolic
title "Babalar sozi"
in 100 volumes.
Civilizational features of the
global development of the
world show more actualizing significance
of the problem of
development of each nation, the preservation of national cultural values, national language, literature and culture.
The uniqueness of language and
identity of the
literature form
the basis of
the functioning and
development
of national culture. The
importance of
understanding this
fact underlines the increasingly pronounced trend when global
competition
involves not only
economic, social processes, but also extending
to the sphere of spiritual and intellectual
environment,
demonstrating leadership
in all the plain language
- the language
of culture. In
a global world can clearly be seen during
the national renaissance of the
paradigm, and this is seen as a response to the challenges
of globalization
- such as universal urbanization, standardization and unification.
Thus, the harmonious
integration
into the global spiritual
space is possible only if the identity
and increase awareness of
the nation.
Simulation of the
artistic image
of the world and linguistic
world as a dialogue of cultures in
the paradigm of
space - time
coordinates
of an integrated world, a
single information field
is a consequence of global
development.
For modern
philological science research in
Kazakhstan is characterized by a scientific understanding
of problems of the relation of
language semantics and knowledge about the
world, revealing the artistic language and "otherness"
of figurative painting in
the art world the incarnation of
spiritual values
that are universal content creation
and study of relevant national
images of the world through language and
literature .
From the perspective of linguistics
and literature,
increasing the
relevance of
studying the problem of the
relationship
and interaction phenomena of
language - Literature - Culture - consciousness. In
the aspect of
identifying features
of the functioning and development of languages
and
literatures of special
scientific interest is the problem of studying the
relation of the conceptual, artistic and linguistic
world.
The development of philological
science in the period of independence Kazakhstan has
a number of
achievements fundamental
level. Status of state sovereignty has
become a powerful
basis for the enrichment, content
updates, expanding the functions and interrelationships of
the Kazakh language
and literature, languages and literatures, multi-ethnic state, scientific fields, respectively, linguistics and literature.
A comparative study of the Kazakh and Turkic
languages, historical grammar of the Kazakh language is a new academic position. Particular
relevance are marked study ancient
written language. The program "Cultural
Heritage"
Turkology enriched
with new data on the phonetic, lexical, grammatical features
of Orkhon-Yenisei and other
monuments of
the ancient Turkic culture.
One of the main assets
of sovereignty in the humanities has
been re-establishment of the integrity of
Kazakh literature,
finding its roots back
to the paradigm of the national literary and
artistic thought
passionary names
of creative individuals and their
works. On the one side, it was repressed
talented artistic
heritage of Kazakh Literature and Culture Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, Ahmet Baitursynov, Magzhan Zhumabayev, Zhusupbek Aymauytov, Myrzhakip Dulatov, Alikhan Bukeyhanov, Kudaibergen Zhubanov, some
significant
works of Mukhtar Auezov, Sultanmahmut Toraigyrov etc.
On the other
hand, the scientific
revolution have entered previously restricted large scientific
works of famous writers and scientists have
contributed to
a more holistic and objective
understanding of
the history of artistic
and aesthetic values of
Kazakh literature,
which, in turn, helped
the understanding of centuries-old Kazakh
history, as well as the idea of national statehood.
Leading local literary
critics, aware of the value returned by the literature in
understanding the
history and spiritual
life of the Kazakh people and
the prospects of
Kazakh statehood, did
a great job
on the scientific understanding of
the creative heritage
of art and rehabilitated the
critical heritage. They were
written and published monographic works on
literary criticism
Alash, in
general, and
the creativity of
its individual
members, dedicated
to the life and work of J. Aymauytov, S. Kudaiberdiev, M.Zhumabayev, S. Seifullin, M.
Auezov etc.
Literature is
an artistic display of life in all its diversity, its protagonist is a man. The artistic cognition of reality and evaluation of a person in the structure of
social and natural whole being put in a wide range of different, sometimes contradictory, trends in a variety of techniques of different artistic
methods.
Presumably, the romantic and
irrationalist ideas about the essence of being human, and eschatological
conception of man, and a realistic understanding of the place and role of
personality around him - all this is about a natural phenomenon in the history
of human spirituality. The variety and inconsistency of the various methods,
aesthetic concepts, styles existing in the modern literary process, however, is
not in conflict with the meta-law’s artistic activity artistic personality,
which has the purpose of aesthetic perception of the world and understanding of
man's place in it.
The importance of art as art in general, is determined not so much of
its value to local or national characteristics, as universal content. Of
course, every artistic movement in literature creates its own model of the
embodiment of peace, content and form of which depends on a number of
components. In a form of generalized this can be represented as a system of
interaction between a moving reality (reality)), a certain level of social
consciousness, the aesthetic specificity of human activity, the laws of the
creative process and, finally, the specific nature of artistic perception.
It is this quality is
determined by
the social significance of
literature in general and literature in
particular.
Therefore, changes in
the socio-political, socio-economic life since Kazakhstan
gained independence, the state is
fully reflected in literature and literary
scholarship.
One of the main motivations in the modern view
of the literature was the scientific understanding of centuries-old art of verbal creativity in its
genetic interdependence in the spiritual and aesthetic relationship to
the paradigm of a global civilization processes of global development with a rich artistic,
scientific and critical heritage, which was
returned with the acquisition of sovereignty the spiritual treasure
of the people as an important socio-humanitarian
resource state and social development.
An important achievement of
literary science of independence was
the scientific understanding and an
introduction to the
scientific revolution the
vast reservoir of culture - the
ancient and Middle Turkic period of literature, representing
the genetic roots of Kazakh literature. The
history of literature - is a reflection of
the historical development
of the nation, the
people of the state. Whole historical
periods represented "white spots". Before
the period of independence of
the ancient
period of development of
Kazakh literature
did not mention
either in school or in college
textbooks. The development of the Kazakh written literature dated
from the 19th century. Ignorance of their
spiritual roots, their own alphabet, the
traditional
poetics of a
negative impact on the spiritual level of
society.
The study and systematization of ancient and medieval heritage
of Kazakh literature became the basis of the scientific context of enrichment
study of literary monuments of Saka-Argun era Turanian civilization of
Turko-Mongol, Turkic, Oguz-Kipchak, Katakhanids periods, as well as literature,
the Golden Horde. First scientific publication was carried out at the Kazakh
Turkic
literary gems of art,
"Oguz-name", "Muhabbat name", "Diwani Hikmet,"
studied art not previously extant talented poets of the Middle Ages. This
ambitious and innovative research on the content of a unique scientific, social
and ideological significance: defines the chronological framework of
periodization and the ancient and medieval written Kazakh literature and serves
as the restoration of artistic and aesthetic integrity and contributes to
understanding the significance of Kazakh literature in the paradigm of Turkic
and world literature.
Socio - Humanities form
the national identity, civic identity, and spiritual development of each person - a
member of society.
That is, provide the
factors that shape national stability and
peace. The stability of the social and
economic development
rests on the
basis of the internal state of each person, the
general population.
This goal
can be achieved
only on the basis of
professional
scientific knowledge about
the person.
Linguistics and
Literature in
the paradigm of
humanitarian knowledge are
the basic components of the main science -
"human
studies". They enable the realization
of human treasures of national
culture, the knowledge of man "tili analysis" - the mother
tongue and native
literature opens the way for him to be
attached to the
universal culture through
the assessment
and perception of
national cultural values.
Of course, the legacy of ancient Turkic
over time becomes for us a deeper wisdom. With a highly artistic qualities of
literature ancient Turkic verbal art that reflected the high degree of
spirituality, which is correlated with the movement of the human spirit in the
modern world. That is what contributes to the demand for spirituality and
culture of the Turkic world in the dialogue of civilization, to establish the
concept of universal cultural space.
Centuries-old
spiritual, ethical, religious, cultural kinship of the Turkic peoples are most
clearly manifested in language, literature and culture. This relationship is
the foundation of the unity of the Turkic peoples. Studies of language and
literature of Turkic peoples interactions reflect the tendency of the revival
of Turkic civilization aspirations. Active scientific, cultural, educational
process relationships in the modern era provides a simulation of the process of
civilization in the Turkic identity. Turkic identity, the convergence of the
Turkic peoples in the context of cultural processes makes it possible to
perceive the world as a super-ethnos of the Turks, which has its place in world
civilization.
References
1.
Valikhanov C. Collected
Works in five volumes. V.1. Almaty, 1961
2.
Kelimbetov N. Ezhelg³ dau³r
adebiet³ (Kazak adebiet³ bastaulary). -
Almaty: Atamura, 2006. - 336 p.