Sh.K. Òuleubayeva, A.A. Bogdanova, M.T. Sayakova
1Senior teacher, master; 2senior
teacher, master; 3student
The Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda
Preservation of the
health of the population at present is a very important task. This, in turn,
determines the need to study the physiological mechanisms of population
adaptation.
The newly emerging
communities of people in unusual
environmental conditions are often exposed
to extremely unfavorable natural and climatic factors.
Adaptation of the
organism to various environmental factors is a long historical process aimed at
the formation of the ecological type that ensures the integrity and optimal
conditions for its vital activity. For this reason, the assessment and
prediction of the medical and biological state of the population in unfavorable
habitat is an urgent task.
In recent years,
environmental problems associated with pollution of the
natural environment are the most
acute.
Evaluation of the
complex impact of environmental factors at the level of human health presents
certain difficulties in scientific and practical implementation, since the
issues of establishing indicators of the level of individual health are not
methodologically developed enough.
It is well known
that the human body is powerful and diverse in its capabilities, based on the
principles of self-regulation "security service", ensuring its
existence in harmful environmental conditions. Any part of the body experiences
continuous action from a variety of sources of the environment and itself
serves as a source of influence on various organs. This means that the state of
the body can be judged by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of
the multilateral interrelationships of the functions of the organism (sensory,
vegetative, tactile, etc.). However, it is not always possible to maintain this
relationship permanently in the body, as actively working organs become
fatigued, and the process of self-regulation can stop at the expense of the
energy inputs of the organism, including the neuropsychological or neuro-emotional character, which can lead to any pathology
and, accordingly, to reorganization of the relations of functions. Changes in quantitative
and qualitative parameters of the organism's parameters are the objective correlator of the integral functional state of a person.
Ecological safety
are the levels of exposure to environmental factors that are safe for human
health, that is, disturbing the homeostasis of the body's functional systems.
Analysis of associative links of the metal content and homeostatic indices of
the most sensitive systems of the organism showed that for the safe and normal
state of blood indices, biochemical exchange, immunity, the upper limits of
environmentally safe content of metals in human blood can be proposed.
It is known that
the interrelation of individual physiological functions of the organism, the
biochemical chains of the main types of metabolism and the general protective
mechanisms is the basis for the formation of homeostasis. Under the influence
of chemical substances, the feature of disturbance of homeostasis is a direct
damaging effect on various regulatory mechanisms that become the leading mechanisms
in chemical pathology. Despite the fact that the homeostatic mechanisms are
diverse and represented at various levels, the leading role in adapting the
organism to the influence of the external environment belongs to the
neuroendocrine system.
The methodology of analysis for
public health as a result of
environmental pollution is used to
identify environmental factors in the
region that affect the change
in the performance
of the organism,
with the definition of the
degree of information significance from possible deviations
from the norm.
It is known that
the environment is characterized by the presence of unfavorable anthropogenic
factors that can significantly affect the health of the population and the
likelihood of the development of certain diseases.
The human organism
in certain age periods reacts most strongly to unfavorable external influences
during intensive histomorphological and functional
rearrangement of organs and systems in transitional so-called nodal age
periods.
Ecological safety are
the levels of exposure to environmental factors that are safe for human health,
that is, disturbing the homeostasis of the body's functional systems. Analysis
of associative links of the metal content and homeostatic indices of the most
sensitive systems of the organism showed that for the safe and normal state of
blood indices, biochemical exchange, immunity, the upper limits of
environmentally safe content of metals in human blood can be proposed.
It is known that
the interrelation of individual physiological functions of the organism, the
biochemical chains of the main types of metabolism and the general protective
mechanisms is the basis for the formation of homeostasis. Under the influence
of chemical substances, the feature of disturbance of homeostasis is a direct
damaging effect on various regulatory mechanisms that become the leading
mechanisms in chemical pathology. Despite the fact that the homeostatic
mechanisms are diverse and represented at various levels, the leading role in
adapting the organism to the influence of the external environment belongs to
the neuroendocrine system.
Human health is
considered from the standpoint of its relationship with the environment, which
is understood as the triune of the physical, spiritual and social environment.
The absolute majority of diseases are due to inherited features of metabolism
and response to external influences, while the disease is only the realization
in time of hereditary predispositions to them under the influence of provoking
factors. In a favorable environment, their implementation is late, or in
general, may not be realized, while in an aggressive environment decompensation of the weak inherited systems of the
organism develops rather early. Outside of us, the causes of disease do not exist,
beyond us there are only provoking factors that allow these causes to manifest
themselves.
With prolonged
exposure to environmental factors of excessive intensity, depletion of energy
and plastic reserves develops, oppression of the main functions of systems,
dystrophic changes in specialized cells of organs and systems, and their
functional insufficiency. Structural changes in organs and systems can be
reversible and irreversible. It is
important to note that the
longer the physical factor of high intensity
acts, the greater the likelihood
of development of irreversible changes and multiple
organ failure.
Thus, the functional
state of a person depends on numerous influences of a natural, technogenic and social nature, in which a significant role
in shaping the health of the population belongs to a complex of environmental
factors in combination with socio-economic conditions.