Sh.K. Òuleubayeva, K. Nikitin.
1Senior teacher, master, 2student
The Buketov Karaganda State
University, Karaganda
The
development of transport logistics in the Republic of Kazakhstan
The term "logistics" from the linguistic point has such Greek
roots, as the logos (mind), logismos (calculation, think, plan), logo (to
think, to reason), logistika (art calculations). Logistical approach to
management of material flows has long been known. However, with the economy in
a large enough scale it has been claimed recently. This is a result of factors
external to the control systems of material flows and by the development of the
logistic approach.
Relevance of logistics in our time due to several factors:
- economic, as now, the main priority of the company — search of
possibilities to reduce production costs and distribution costs in order to
increase the profit of the company and growth, the provision of complex
services to the consumer, so the conditions of development of market relations,
the principle of "calculate+profit+consumer" leads to the growth of
importance of logistics;
- information, as computer science most closely to the images connects
the market and logistics as a subject, tool and component of logistic processes
are information flows;
- technical, since the technical factor is manifested in the fact that
logistics as a control system, its subjects and objects developed on the basis
of the technical achievements in the warehousing and management (automation and
computerization of management), to ensure decisive success in the commodity
markets.
One of the most famous concepts of transport logistics is the concept of
"just in time" (just-in-time, JIT). It is based on a rather simple
logic of supply of products in which material flows material resources are
carefully synchronized with the demand for them, asked a temporary and a
production schedule of finished products [3; 69].
The use of the system (just-in-time, JIT) allows you to deliver material
resources or finished products to a certain point of the logistic chain at
precisely the moment when they are needed. A modern logistics system, making
use of the system, focused on the logistical components of short cycles that
require rapid response units of the logistics system to changing demand and,
consequently, of the production program.
Logistics is a sort of catalyst for industrial development, and its
improvement is of great importance for any country. This process is the pillar
on which to build inter-state integration. Kazakhstan, an active supporter of
various integration processes, has an important advantage – its geopolitical
and economic resources to successfully implementing transit potential as the
best option for ground transport links Asian countries to Europe [4; 128].
It should be noted that in today's global environment logistics plays a key
role in the industrial development of States. In some countries, the government
first focused on the development of logistics as a major factor in stimulating
industrial development. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, this tool can also bring
significant economic benefits for industrial breakthrough:
• first, it
is stimulating logistics services to existing and new enterprises within spfiid
of the RK. These include acceleration, simplification and cheapening of
internal traffic for the supply of raw materials, delivery of finished products
to the consumer, transportation over long distances in remote areas;
• second, is
the national expert services, i.e. logistics, stimulating the attraction of
transit through the territory of Kazakhstan;
• third,
logistics, contributing to the enhancement of investment processes in the
economy, i.e. externalities of logistics when the foreign partner makes the
decision on the implementation of investment projects on the territory of
Kazakhstan thanks to developed logistics system.
At the 25th
plenary meeting of foreign investors the Council President of Kazakhstan has
announced the beginning of the project "Kazakhstan — New silk way".
Vice President of logistics of JSC "NC "KTZ" presented a
strategy of transport and logistics system of Kazakhstan in the light of
large-scale project "Kazakhstan - New silk way". They noted the
important role of partnership between business and government in the
implementation of transport and logistics potential of Kazakhstan.
In the
Republic of Kazakhstan, the national company JSC "Kazakhstan
TemirZholy" created a new structure of "national center of transport
logistics development". It is noted that this Centre will become a partner
in the field of transport and logistics studies as well as coordinator of all
new business initiatives and projects in transport logistics.
Perspective directions of activities of the new Center, including:
• information and analytical support;
• support, development of practical recommendations for decision-making
on transport policy. In addition, the logistics Center will conduct specialized
conferences and business forums for industry professionals and to implement
training of specialists, to create a single information portal on transport
logistics and reference guides for logistics operators in Kazakhstan.
Development of transport-logistic system of the Republic of Kazakhstan
has developed a Master plan for its development with the assistance of
international consultants. This document is a program of industry development
of transport logistics in the framework of the ongoing programmes of the
Government, particularly the State program of forced industrial-innovative development.
The relevance of the project due to the need for the comprehensive review of
approaches to the management of transport complex of the country and the use of
new modern paradigm of transportation and logistics system. The main goal is to
improve the quality of transport and logistics services and bringing them to
world levels, the availability of global communications for Kazakhstan's
exports.
In the
Republic of Kazakhstan conducts systematic work to improve the quality of
transport services. It is primarily reduced travel time, reduced transport
costs, optimization of rates, safety of goods and, importantly, the training of
quality human resources, which is designed to provide the normal functioning of
the entire logistics system.
Kazakhstan,
being at the crossroads of international corridors, has all prerequisites to
become a major logistic link connecting Europe and Asia. The basis for the
formation of multimodal logistics operator of transnational scale full-sector
assets and competencies determined by the JSC "NC KTZH". The
composition of the multimodal company will include the Aktau sea port and SEZ
"Khorgos-Eastern gate", airports, terminal network in Kazakhstan.
The
integration of transport assets into a single structure will provide the
necessary coordination control, formation integrity, multimodal services and
the implementation of the principle of "one window", thus creating
favorable conditions for realization of export and transit potential of the
country. Additional impetus to development of transport-logistic system of the
Republic will give attraction in port and terminal infrastructure of Kazakhstan
of the global operator Dubai Port World.
Attracting
transit traffic through the territory of Kazakhstan requires the formation of
developed transport and logistics infrastructure and its integration into the
world system. To do this, implementing investment projects on development and
modernization of infrastructure of transport and logistics complex.
Outside of
Kazakhstan has also formed a network of transport logistics centers — centers
of consolidation and distribution of transit traffic and centers for promotion
of Kazakhstan's exports.
Without
appropriate infrastructure it is impossible to develop transit through the
territory of Kazakhstan and transport logistics.
Many
governments rely on the development of logistics, which is the main factor for
stimulating economic development. In modern conditions, logistics has a key
role for industrial development of the country, as all transportation in
Kazakhstan and deliver goods from Kazakhstan depend on the correct logistics.
It is safe
to note that the transit potential should be considered as an economic growth
point of the country. With this purpose it is necessary to improve the attractiveness
and create the most modern and efficient transport and logistics system in the
CIS, improvement of transport and logistics operations on any form of transport
to meet a wide spectrum of services, offer competitive rates, further
improvement of the corridors for transit traffic on a continuous, linear basis,
where will be clearly defined timeframe for completion, cost and regularity of
use of these corridors, organization and development of the optimal conditions
and infrastructure for incoming and outgoing cargo flows, with subsequent local
distribution to final destination. It should be noted that this is not a
complete list of tasks that need to be done to maximize the use of transit
potential of Kazakhstan. If this is done, then Kazakhstan will benefit greatly
from the contribution of transport logistics to economic development.