MD, professor Fomichev V.A.
SOCIAL PORTRAIT OF VISITOR OF
One of the
priority areas in the development of domestic health care is primary medical
prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases. In this regard, the planning of
group and individual preventive measures in the healthcare system involves the
study of the patient's social portrait of the medical institution. The obtained
data will allow to identify problems, differentiate the patient and provide
targeted services to the target audience.
Purpose of the study. Identify the social portrait of the average
visitor of the health center for adults in the city of
Material and method. Method of research: questioning (continuous,
correspondence, individual, distributing, semi-closed). A total of 1798
correctly filled questionnaires were assessed: 573 questionnaires were filled
out by men (31.3%), 1225 questionnaires – by women (68.7%). The age varied from 18 to 86
years (mean 44.1 ± 4.4 years). The urban and rural population is represented
almost equally.
Results. Table 1 shows a
set of questions, the answers to which help to determine the social portrait of
a typical visitor to the health center for adults (page 2).
In section 3 (Table 1),
visitors to the health center tend to assess their health as satisfactory,
age-appropriate -39%, good-30%, excellent (better than peers) - 25%, poor-4%,
availability 2% of respondents reported disability. Women are more likely than
men to be more critical in assessing their health.
Estimating the importance
of various factors (section 1, Table 1), primarily affecting health, the
respondents identified from the general list of factors: "lifestyle and
the presence of bad habits" - 65%, "heredity" - 50%,
"quality of food products "- 40%," the state of the environment
"- 35%.
Table 1
Survey results
of visitors to health centers for adults
|
¹ |
Issues |
Variants of answers |
Σ |
% |
Ì |
%* |
F |
%* |
|
1 |
What factors have the greatest impact on
health? |
No answer |
723 904 630 1164 277 178 18 |
40,2 50,3 35,0 64,7 15,4 9,9 1 |
206 295 175 355 92 53 3 |
36,0 51,5 35,5 62,0 16,1 9,3 0,5 |
517 609 455 809 185 125 15 |
42,2 49,7 37,1 66,0 15,1 10,2 1,2 |
|
2 |
Factors that
have a major influence on the formation of healthy lifestyle and health |
A family |
1248 472 538 291 549 82 350 9 |
69,4 26,3 29,9 16,2 30,5 4,5 19,5 0,5 |
373 178 170 95 188 31 98 3 |
65,1 31,1 29,7 16,6 32,8 5,4 17,1 0,5 |
875 294 368 196 361 49 252 6 |
71,4 24,0 30,0 16,0 29,5 4,0 20,6 0,5 |
|
3 |
Assess your health |
Excellent |
256 200 537 702 72 31 5 |
14,2 11,1 29,9 39,0 4,0 2,3 0,3 |
105 72 170 208 11 7 1 |
18,3 12,6 29,7 36,3 1,9 1,2 0,2 |
151 128 367 494 61 24 4 |
12,3 10,5 30,0 40,3 5,0 2,0 0,3 |
|
4 |
For what
purpose did you apply to the |
Assessment of
health status |
1215 684 426 96 67 8 |
67,6 38,0 23,7 5,3 3,7 0,4 |
361 249 111 18 18 1 |
63,0 43,5 19,4 3,1 3,1 0,2 |
854 435 315 78 49 7 |
69,7 35,5 25,7 6,4 4,0 0,6 |
|
5 |
How did you know about the existence of the Center |
TV |
241 77 260 384 909 10 |
13,4 4,3 14,5 21,4 50,6 0,6 |
90 32 91 113 277 6 |
15,7 5,6 15,9 19,7 48,3 1,1 |
151 45 169 271 632 4 |
12,3 3,7 13,8 22,1 51,6 0,3 |
* In the gender sample
According to interviewed visitors
to health centers for adults, the most active influence on the formation of a
healthy image.
Life and the state of human health is provided by
the family -69% of respondents' answers. Also popular are "sports"
and an active life position - 31%, "medical institutions" - 30%,
"influence of the nearest environment" - 26%, "preventive health
centers" - 26%, educational institutions - 16%.
Traditionally, women more
often than men emphasize the influence of lifestyle, the person himself and the
absence of bad habits (66% / 62%), and also pay attention to issues: nutrition
and food quality (42% - women's responses and 36% - men's responses), ecology
(37% / 31% of responses, respectively). In addition, men regularly give a
little more attention to the influence of sports sections and organizations:
30% - women's responses and 33% of men's responses.
When considering the answers of women and men on different assessing their
health was found. Men who, in their opinion, have excellent health, more often
than those who have complaints against him, mention the influence of lifestyle
and the absence of bad habits on the state of human health. Among similar
groups of female audience such differences are not revealed. But more than 63%
of respondents in both groups are confident of the importance of this factor.
Women who complain about their health more often than women who rated their
health as "good" / "excellent" tend to look for the reason
for this in the inaccessibility of high-quality food products (including those
related to socioeconomic problems), poor quality of health services, But rarely
remember their lifestyle as a source of "health problems".
A positive assessment of health by the
respondents is closely related to the active position in setting themselves
rules and ways of life.
One of the most important characteristics
of the respondents' groups is the purpose of the visitor's visit to the health
center (section 4, Table 1). Most often apply for diagnosis of the state of
health, for information on the main methods of preventing diseases (in 2016,
this reason became more popular than the previous year's figure), and also for
the consultation of narrow specialists. It was noted that women more often than
men choose the answer option "assessment of health status" (69.7% /
63%).
Visitors to the health
center most often (51%) refer to information received from acquaintances as a
source of information about the work of the center (among men this source is
mentioned 3% less frequently than among women). Quite high percentage (21%) of
appeals on the recommendation of health workers, and among the male audience
the percentage of those who applied for this recommendation is 2% lower than
among women.
Thus, it can be concluded that the average visitor to the health center
for adults is a woman aged 30-49 who came to the health center on the
recommendation of her acquaintances for the purpose of diagnosing the state of
health, She herself assesses her health as "satisfactory
age-appropriate." She is sure that health is mainly influenced by the way
of life and the absence of bad habits, as well as the foundations of the way of
life, laid down from childhood and further supported by adequate medical
assistance and advice from health professionals. A woman who understands and,
perhaps, takes an active life position.
Bibliography
1. Antonova N.N. Health as a social category / N. N. Antonova // Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology,
2012.- ¹ 1.- P. 181-183
2. Dimov A.S. Medico-Sociological Aspects of the
"Savings" of the People in
3. Karpova O.V. Sociological research in the quality
management system of medical care. Karpova, M.A. Tatarnikov, EB Marochkina //
Social Medicine, 2013.- No. 1 (22) .- P. 11-15
4. Kochetovskaya E.A. Organizational and methodical
measures for organizing the health of the population on the basis of lifestyle
factors and interaction with the medical care system // Vestnik
of new medical technologies, 2013.- T. Kh., No. 1.-
P. 134-136.
5. Korolev V.N. Standards and procedures for medical
care in the practice of a medical organization / V.N. Korolev
// Far Eastern Medical Journal, 2014.-No. 4.- P. 90-94