Natalia KovalskayaPh.D., associate professor, doctoral candidate of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
The role of
local government in the development of social and everyday services
Contemporary stage
of development of sphere of social and everyday service is characterized by
search of optimum structural regulations in future model of social-oriented
market economy, namely place and role of sphere of service, because sphere of
service satisfies those needs in society, that, properly, determine economical
growth, favour development of business and forming in Ukraine middle class,
which makes economical reforms irretrievable. Namely high percentage of small
and middle enterprises in economy means that wide layers of population join to
business and accordingly to this fact, material resources are distributed among
the biggest quantity of citizens. We notice that middle class perfects the quality of
life through the influence of economical development of society, because the
representatives of middle class are or self-occupied, that thanks to their
professional qualities can guarantee work for themselves, or businessmen, that
create supplementary working places. “Advantage of economical growth is not in
the fact that it makes people more happy, but is in the fact that it broadens
their opportunities to choice” [4, p.32].
Besides, representatives of middle class are the main producers and
customers of everyday services. In contemporary conditions more and more people
and organizations refuse from solving everyday problems and address to proper
specialists. Everyday services are inseparable attrubute of contemporary
existence of man, directed to satisfaction of everyday, vital needs of man,
guarantee his normal life activity, improve everyday life and quality of life.
To the minds of researches middle class consists of those people, that
have not big property (small and middle business) and of those people, that
have not property but they have high qualification and opportunity to get high
salary. But middle class is not similar, depending present property, education,
professional status and so on. Authors stress that specific understanding of
term “middle class” means social unity which has definite descriptions, proper
to middle class of contemporary western society: sufficient level of profit;
ownership of sufficient realty which would guarantee relative freedom and
independence, presence of own deed; high professional education and
qualification; relative satisfaction with his (her) status, moderate political
conservatism, interest in support of social order [3, p.152]. On Ukraine it is possible
forming of middle class thanks growth of part of middle-profit part of society,
thanks forming of ideology of middle class on the principles of definite system
of values for achievement not only material aims but professional
self-realization and self-expression of individuality, growth of
professionalism, possibilities of small business. “Ot is possible to examine
the fact of forming of middle class in a quality of important criterion of
effectiveness of reforms, as illustration of firmness of all system of
economical, social and political institutions” [2, p.151–152].
During the process of changes of middle class into influential element
of social structure, it begins to fulfil function of softening of class
conflicts, support of social consensus and stability of society. Besides namely
this class is always an active subject of labour-market and it is interested in
presence of working places. Namely representatives of this class give job for
growing of income holding of more than one office, on several working places,
using flexible graph [3, p.80-82]. We notice that in developed countries they
are the biggest part of society, and Ukraine can’t represent the same position.
After all, the middle class can not occur automatically and requires certain
actions by state and local governments. The middle class, which is
representative of small and medium enterprises, is composed of many workers in
the field of social and personal services, acts as a supplier of high
performance through taxes, the formation of the financial activities of state
and local governments. Because of
paying taxes, the middle class is capable of supporting socially passive
population and thus act as a guarantor of the implementation of government
social programs.
Small business in the sphere of social and everyday services requires
attention from the local authorities, so as the middle class could fill a
budget, help stabilize the economy of the city and decide the problems of
employment.
Local authorities will not have the
real opportunities to invest local small businesses and entrepreneurs and to
implement joint programs in order to meet consumer needs of the residents of
communities in personal services the local budget if not laid a single article
"business development." In addition, create obstacles of effectiveness local government policy
can: weak regulatory and legal framework to support small businesses; strengthening
the administrative burden; lack of an effective mechanism for financial
support; tax pressure; instability in the business environment [1]
Thus,
on the local level of bodies of executive power which activities directly
affect the formation of the middle
class in the region, particularly in the sphere of social and personal services,
and therefore contributes to the development of this sphere.
Список використаних джерел
1.
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2002. − №2. − С. 107.
2.
Буянов В.П. Специфика
формирования системы малого предпринимательства в Российской Федерации:
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2006. - 188с.
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О.В.Комарова, Т.А.Саламатова, Д.Е.Гаврилов.- Екатеринбург: Изд-во
Рос.гос.проф.-пед.ун-та, 2012. - 163с.
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Л.З.Зевина. − М: Яюнити, 1997. − 671с.