Экономические науки/13.Региональная
экономика
Zhanbekova Z.Kh., Associate professor
Karaganda Economic University, Kazakhstan
INDICATORS ESTIMATES OF THREATS TO FOOD SECURITY OF
THE PARTICIPANTS EEU
In the conditions of the global confrontation between the leading
players of the world economy under the EEU (Eurasian Economic Union) will open
the definite prospects for import substitution and growth of industries related
to food market. At the same time priorities of fair competition and product quality are
critical to ensuring food security.
During the meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to in
establish a mechanism to ensure food security Kazakh leader noted that "in
the near decade food production volumes in the world will be reduced due to natural
disasters. At the same time the world population will continue to grow - by 2050 it
will reach 9 billion people "[1].
One of the main benefits expected for Kazakhstan from the formation of
the Eurasian Economic Union is able to access the total 170 millionth market.
To evaluate the achieved level of food safety EEC, the following
indicators:
1) the share of domestic production in the total volume of commodity
resources of the internal market for life-sustaining type of product (a
threshold indicator of grain is 95%, vegetable oil - 80%, sugar - 80%, meat and
meat products - 85%, milk and dairy products - 90 % of fish production - 80%);
2) the level of dietary deficiency (the share of households, caloric
intake is below the minimum level of 2100 kcal / day per capita: at the level
of 5% - reached the state of food security, more than 35% - the state should
take action against hunger);
3) the comparative efficiency and competitiveness of producers of food
and agricultural raw materials;
4) dynamics of use natural and other resources of agricultural
production (allows to reveal growth reserves of production raw material and
food in integrable regions)[2].
The identify the following indicators measure the impact of threats to
the quality of life of the population consisting of five units:
Units I - level and quality of the diet of the population (the energy
value of the diet for 1 person. Per day (not less than 3000 kcal), consumption
of basic foods for 1 person per year (90-110% of medical standards), the proportion
of animal protein in the diet origin (at least 55%, etc.);
Unit II - the state of health of the population (the natural growth of
the population, expected life expectancy in urban and rural areas, the
prevalence of diseases characteristic for of low nutritional status, etc.);
Unit III - level of education (proportion of literate population, and
others.);
Unit IV - physical access to food (the growth rate of agricultural
production (at least 5-7% per year), the share of profitably functioning of the
agricultural organizations (not less than 60%), the stability of the production
of grain (at least 75%), the ratio of receivables and payables of agricultural
organizations (1: 1), the profitability of agricultural activity (at least
40%), the proportion of investment in agriculture in the total amount (not less
than 10%), and others.);
Unit V - economic access to food
in the section groups of households in urban and rural areas (the share of
expenditure on food expenditures (up 35%), the growth rate of real purchasing
power of the incomes of the population (at least 1% per year), the share of the
population incomes below the subsistence minimum (no more than 8% in urban and
10% rural areas), the level of concentration of income (up 45%), unemployment rate
(not more than 4%), the share of imports in domestic consumption (20%) and etc.
Kazakhstan in comparison with other member countries belonging to the
EEC refers to the country of the land provision 114.0 mln., while occupying an
area of 272 million. hectares with a population of 17.2 million. pers., per
inhabitant 15,6 hectares of land area, including 6.6 hectares of agricultural
lands, of them 1.4 hectares of arable land.
With high potential land in comparison with the EEC member states,
Kazakhstan is in a risky area of agriculture, which falls 1.8
times less precipitation than in the Russian Federation and 2.4 times less than
in the Republic of Belarus is characterized by low grade and quality grade of
soil fertility - 29 . This affects the lower level of intensification of
agricultural production. On 100 hectares of arable land in Kazakhstan produced
gross agricultural output is 2.3 times less than in Russia, 4.3 times less than
in Belarus.
In the structure of the consumption population of Kazakhstan is more a
shortage of livestock products. If the whole energy value of food consumed
close to science-based standards, the population is deficient in meat and meat
products, milk and dairy products, potatoes, vegetables and fruit.
To eliminate these disparities is possible both by improving the use of
agricultural land, and the involvement of additional reserve lands previously
(prior to 1990) were use in agricultural.
Potential land resources of Kazakhstan may provide food for the
foreseeable future 30 million population. Provision of the population will
require food production to increase food resources for grain by 1.8 times, all
kinds of meat 3 times, milk - by 3.6 times, eggs - by 2.7 times.
Food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan with the growth in
population from 17.2 to 30 million. people. or 1.7 times should be involved in
the agricultural use of the land of 5 million. hectares of arable land and
fallow land reserve and master 11.2 million. ha of arable land, 1.0 mln. ha of
irrigated land, irrigate 80.0 million. hectares of reserve land, including them
in agricultural use. [3]
Thus, to ensure food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan can become
an important area of integrated development of core areas of pastures, which
can be solved in several stages with the restoration (construction of new
facilities and all necessary infrastructure) using renewable wind and solar
energy.
References:
3.
Калиев
Г.А. Перспективы использования ресурсного потенциала Казахстана
/Продовольственная безопасность: современные вызовы.//http:forum-astana.org