Bolda O.Y., Nazar’ko V.O.

Kharkiv Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

Scientific Аdvisor: Ph.D., Assoc. Alekseeva T.I.

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF UKRAINIAN DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY

The actuality of this problem is that the demographic factor can be defined as one of the most important factors affecting the economic development. Demographic situation of any country generally reflects its social and economic welfare formed both past and current social processes. In modern conditions there is a tendency to aging population not only in individual countries but also in the world as a whole, the number of towns-people grows and the number of people who live in rural areas rapidly declines; family relations become very unstable.

That is why the questions related to demographic problems are discussed by many authors. This problem was interested for R. Harrod, E. Domar, who believed that increasing population is the main factor of economic growth; G. Becker sounded the inverse relationship between family income and the actual level of birthrate. E. Libanova, S.Pyrozhkov, A. Stefanovskyi made the forecast of people’s multitude in several ways [1].

Demographic policy is a purposeful activity of a state and other social institutions in the area of regulation of human reproduction processes.

The modern demographic situation in Ukraine makes a real threat to its national interests. Over the last 10 years, the population of Ukraine has reduced almost for 4,5 million. Statistics show that it remains a significant excess the number of died people over born (for 100 deaths - 67 births) [2].

Nowadays in Ukraine, socio-economic and political processes are not favorable for the population as the standard of living is low. The reasons are: low wages, rising prices, the decreasing of inland gross product and high tariffs for housing and communal services, high levels of corruption, increasing crime. This demographic situation creates a real threat to economic security of the country.

Socio-demographic situation in any country is formed accordingly population’s reproduction and migration processes. This demographic situation differs from other parts of Europe. A recent French experience has shown that migration is not a solution of demographic problems, but on the contrary it has unintended consequences related to language or cultural identity of the nation in general. The crisis in the family is the cause of demographic slum and with further inaction it can lead to the extinction of the whole nations and cultures.

Poland has a mentioned above experience in implementing effective demographic policy, where there is a prohibition of artificial interruption of pregnancy on the legislative level, so called abortion [3]. It also provides for criminal amenability for the doctor from two to five years in prison, who makes an abortion. The experience of the existing law passed in 1993, standing on the guard of an unborn child, gave the significant results: the number of abortions greatly reduced as maternal, infant mortality and miscarriages decreased twice. Although Poland has been under a great pressure of the UNO as to the ‘strictness’ of the existing law, the national research of public opinion showed that 81% of Poles believe that the life of the unborn children should be protected by the law. Due to it, the younger generation has been receiving the information about the child's development in the womb at Polish schools for more than a decade. In this country there are 130 organizations working to protect the life and families, they are united in Federation of movement for life protection. These organizations are not only for educational work among different social groups of population through the organization of scientific seminars, symposiums, congresses, educational programs and printing periodic specialized publications, but they also provide real assistance, including temporary housing, as well as offering psychological, legal and medical care to all pregnant women, who of certain dramatic circumstances left without the support of their loving ones.

The demographic situation in Ukraine can be characterized by comparing indicators such as birth-rate and mortality [2].

Pic.1. Birth-rate and death-rate in Ukraine for 1990-2014 years

Having analyzed this diagram , it can be concluded that since 1992 the number of born persons is much smaller than the number of died ones, that is a negative factor for the demographic situation in Ukraine, as these figures indicate a negative process of "aging nation" – reducing the part of young people and increasing the proportion of elderly people. As a result, it could lead to a catastrophic shortage of working men and as a result, they will raise the retirement age, the standards of taxation for population and other negative social and political factors.

Nowadays in demographic situation in Ukraine there is a tendency for the population’s diminution its economically active part, leading to narrow reproduction of labor resources and if this process does not regulate or create conditions for improving the demographic situation in the country, according to experts from the UNO, Ukraine's population could be reduced by 40% during next 50 years [4].

In this situation, it is important for Ukraine to adopt the positive experience of moral and social mechanisms of demographic policy; their effectiveness is gradually recognized by the authorities of other states. Overcoming negative demographic trends is a complex and long process. Its goal is to improve the quality of life, preserve and reproduce its live and working potential.

REFERENCES:

1. E. M. Libanova, S. I. Pyrozhkov, N. S. Vlasenko and others. Demographic crisis in Ukraine: its causes and consequences: Monograph. - K., 2003. - 230 p.

2. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. - [Electronic resource]. - Access: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/

3. The law of Poland on January 7, 1993 "About family planning, protection of the human foetus and conditions that allow abortion."

4. The demographic situation in Ukraine: Causes and Consequences [electronic resource]. - Access: http://vuzlib.com/content/view/1832/103/