assosiate professor Konarbaev
ZH.
Optimization of educational process in high school
Optimization
of educational process in high school in recent years, calls for hygienic
assessment of not only learning mode no mental health of schoolchildren and
state of the organism, its separate systems, ie physiological "price"
to overcome the academic load. How to find Grinene Z. Baevsky R., J. Chepaytis
One highly sensitive indicators of the organism in the course of business is a
sinus rhythm of the heart. In studies of MI Stepanova, EK Glushkov, TN Sorokin
N.N.Kuidzhi it was shown that under the influence of educational activity is
changing the different regulatory mechanisms of cardiac activity, and there is
some reaction cardiovascular system.
The
study of adaptive mechanisms with cardiovascular system to different types of
loads is an important parameter in assessing the metabolic and energetic
processes in children in different periods of ontogeny. However, the study and
analysis of the scientific and technical literature on the methods of
assessment physiological changes in
cardio - vascular system in the process of adaptation in children and
adolescents to physical and mental stress shows that the number of training -
researchers (M. Antropov and others.) prefer very complex instrumental methods
such as occlusive plethysmography impedanskaya vector electrocardiography,
artenrialnaya oscilloscope apekskardiografiya, electrocardiography, and a
number of other modern methods. Some scientists (Baevsky R. Marachinskene Z.
Lindshine AD) used to evaluate the functional state of autonomic systems
provide cardiovascular. The objective of this work was to identify the features
of adaptation of children of primary school-age physical and mental stress by
the method cardiointervalography and experimentally - psychological techniques.
It should be noted that the operation includes both physical (mechanical); and
mental (psychological) component. Given this strong argument, it is appropriate
to consider mechanisms of adaptation in children and adolescents not only
somaticheskom6 but also on the mental level. Our experience shows that the
study of adaptation in these two aspects gives positive results in the
implementation of psycho-pedagogical corrective effects on children and
adolescents. Register sinus rhythm was performed on single-channel
electrocardiograph paper at speeds of 50 mm / s. Heart rhythm was recorded
continuously for three minutes, after prior 5 - minute rest in the supine
position, always from 9 to 11 am - high school students, and 14-16 hours - at
younger schoolboys in the second, third, fourth, fifth, , twelfth, sixteenth,
twentieth, twenty-fifth, twenty-ninth, thirty-second. thirty-seventh week of
the school year. There were surveyed about 500 students (of which an equal
number of girls and boys). Total recording was made 800 ritmiogramm. Analiz
exposed to 100 consecutive cardiocycles (PP) and determined cardiovascular
indicators Mo fashion Amo- amrlituda fashion H⌂ - variation range, INTER
index voltage IN = AMo / 2hMoh.
To
assess changes in the IN physical and mental stress Melikov was set fluctuation
range IN given its quality characteristics: a satisfactory state corresponds to
a range of values oscillations in from 48 to 199; moderate - from
200 to 749; severe between 750 to 2999 us.ed. very heavy - more than 3000.
Thus,
the study and analysis of literature and the results of our research suggest
the following conclusions:
1. Cardiointervalography
is no specific method for estimating adaptive - compensatory reactions due to
the similarity with the digital data of the various states of the body and the
diseases it can be used analysis of the educational process.
2. Features
of the control systems of heart rate depends not only on age but also on the
characteristics of the learning process.
3. At the end
of each school year, the central link voltage regulation decreased
parasympathetic influence on the heart rate usilivalos.
4. middle
school students mechanisms of central and autonomic cardiac control units can
be flexibly respond to the impact of the educational process.
5. In the
course of the school year in each class allocated periods of greatest tension
of regulatory systems, cardiac activity: the beginning of the school year and
the end of the second quarter;
6. Voltage
-sosudistoy cardiovascular system is an indicator of increasing teaching load,
activation of mental health and the appearance of fatigue.
7. The most
informative experimental-psychological technique allows to evaluate the
features of kognetivnyh processes and emotionally - volitional sphere in
children and adolescents, as well as the level of analigiko- synthetic activity
of brain structures are: Rorschach method pictograms method Zaks- Levi
incomplete sentences and proofreading tests Anfimova.
Literature
1. Баевский Р.М. Прогнозирование состояни
на грани нормы и патологии. – М., 1989.
2. Жданова Л.А., Русова Т.В., Солцев А.Л.
Педиатрия. 1990.
3. Осатова В.П., Реймере А.М.. и др.
Гигиена и санитария. 1985.