Veterinary and sanitary estimation of fish in the infective diseases

Batyrbekov A.N. - the candidate of veterinary sciences, senior lecturer, A. Baitursinov Kostanay State University

Kuzhukhova М.Т - 4^th year student, A. Baitursinov Kostanay State University

Bectemisova А.N - 4^th year student, A. Baitursinov Kostanay State University

Annotation

In the article there are the results of research on fish parasitic diseases. According to the results of organoleptic, microscopic examinations and autopsy, Kostanay region is unfavorable for ligulosis. Laboratory data for 2011-2013, confirmed the accuracy of the results. With the opening of the abdominal cavity of the fish activators from fam.Ligulidae were discovered. The methods of disinfection by low temperatures which are available to the public.

Keywords: veterinary and sanitary estimation, helminths, organoleptic research, autopsy ligulosis, anizakidoz.

As evidenced by the numerous scientific publications of recent years, the epizootic and epidemic situation in many parasitic diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan remains tense and create a certain threat to the public health.

Fish and seafood are the source of human infection, domestic and wild carnivores. In modern conditions parasitoids of fish become a problem that goes beyond the human and veterinary medicine. The same situation may occur in our area, if we do not take any decision now, and do not eliminate the initial pathway of diseases which are caused by helminthes. Deep environmental damage under the influence of human activities create favorable conditions for increasing species diversity of the population of parasites, changes in their virulence, causing parasitic pollution - a special form of biological pollution. Parasites damage environment, causing bad influence on keepers, including fish [1, 2].

According to the data of Kostanay regional branch "Republic veterinary laboratory", 10% of the fish, which is sold all over the country, is infected, by the very widespread disease – ligulosis.

Before the fish is sold It falls into the trading networks of Kostanay city, it goes through the veterinary and sanitary estimation. Veterinary and sanitary estimation includes: clinical examination, organoleptic research, pathoanatomical autopsy, biochemical analysis, total laboratorial research [1].

According to such statements, we have such aim as: - to do a veterinary and sanitary estimation of fish in the infective diseases.

Aims:

- to study prevalence of the fish infective diseases in Kostanay region.

- to make a research on the study of organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of fish meat infected with helminths - provide science-based veterinary and sanitary assessment of fish at anizakidoze and ligulosis and suggest methods of decontamination.

Materials and methods. We have done the research on the basis of Kostanai regional branch "Republican Veterinary Laboratory" of the Committee of the state inspection in the agricultural sector of the Kazakhstan Ministry of Agriculture, which is located in Zarechnij city. Laboratory studies were carried out in ichthyological department, obeying all the rules of sanitary safety and hygiene. Organoleptic, physico-chemical and pathological studies of fish are held, which are infected by helminths. There was scientifically proved veterinary and sanitary assessment of fish raw material at helminthiasis and there were methods of decontamination proposed.

Thanks to proper selection of modes of disinfection can be prevented and can protect the population against parasitic diseases.

Kostanay region (Kamystin, Zhangeldinsky, Mendykarinsky, Sarykol district) is unfavorable for parasitic diseases of fish. In the study of fish for the presence of ligulosis from water bodies of Kostanai region, anizakidoza and diphyllobothriasis in the 2011-2013y. positive results for ligulosis were obtained, and anizakidoz diphyllobothriasis recorded previously (Table 1).

Table 1 - Comparative data on fish diseases for 2011-2013.

Years	Name of the disease	Number of test material	Number of positive results
2011	Anizakidoz	344	8
	Diphyllobothriasis	865	0
	Ligulez	532	15
2012	Anizakidoz	362	0
	Diphyllobothriasis	1785	0
	Ligulez	2657	96
2013	Anizakidoz	280	0
	Diphyllobothriasis	138	0
	Ligulez	654	24

Veterinary experts carry out prophylaxis routine against infective and contagious diseases. Specific actions are not carried out.

For the study were involved in 40 copies different types of fish: carp, perch, roach, pike, herring taken from different points of distribution network in Kostanay.

Research on ligulosis, and anizakidoz diphyllobothriasis we conducted by autopsy and examination of the abdomen for the presence ligul and worms.

During the external examination several copies of fish the integrity of the abdominal wall are disturbed. The abdomen is swollen, and there are hemorrhages. Stiff muscles are well expressed (when the pit is pressed with your finger in the back muscles they do not immediately disappear). Fish is exhausted. Scales are slightly pale with pearlescent and not tight to the body, cloudy mucus, without blood. The a little jutting anal is closed, without expiration mucus. Tumors are absent. Fins are solid, and have natural color. Operculums not tightly close the gill cavity. Eyes are sunken, cornea is cloudy, in the anterior chamber there is barely visible hemorrhage. On a section of muscle tissue is flabby, loosely fits to the bones, the cross section of the spinal muscles have the characteristic color for each type of fish.

To inspect the abdominal incision was made with a scalpel along the white line, then two cuts were, one is to the anal fin, the other is to the side fin, then another cut was made from the anal fin to the lateral direction. By removing the severed part of the skin away and opening the review found abdominal worms. Species affiliation was installed - ligulosis pathogen which belongs to the family of Ligulidae. In the abdominal cavity there is a presence of blood viscous liquid. The internal organs are slightly shifted from the place, and liver, spleen, gonads and other organs are atrophied, the abdominal wall rupture is due to parasitism ligulosis pathogen.

Opening the herring in the serous membranes pathogen anizakidoza was discovered. The liver is much smaller in size, the fish is exhausted by external parameters conform to the norm.

The study on parasitic diseases of fish, which are from Kostanay market are presented in Table 2

Table 2 - Results of studies on fish parasitic diseases

The name of the disease	Autopsy		Organoleptic research
	Quantity	Positive results	Quantity	Positive results
Ligulosis	40	2	40	0
Anizakidoz	40	1	40	0
Opisthorchiasis	40	0	40	0

Conclusion:

So, according to the results of research, defining alive larvae in fish, the last one isn't not allowed in free implementation, and is directed to a freeze on the proposed regime with the subsequent processing of food for fish products.

In order to prevent zoo anthroponotic helminthiasis which are transmitted through the fish and its recycling, realized in the Kostanai market conditions, the following set of measures are recommend:

- Regimes for disinfection of fish should use low temperatures: freezing at -17 ° C and 60 hours of exposure; at -20 ° C and 48 hours of exposure; at -30 ° C and the exposure 3 hours; hot thermal processing of fish, which include cooking in water with an exposure of at least 20 minutes and fry the fish pieces weighing up to 100 g with 30 minutes exposure and hot smoking, produced at temperatures below + 60 ° + 80 ° C in accordance with current technology instructions to ensure 100% mortality of larvae anisakids in fish.

- to fulfill veterinary and sanitary examination of river fish, intended for use in food for people and into feed, in the place to catch it obligatory sanitary-parasitological evaluation of the presence or absence of pathogens of helminthiasis.

- in order to protect people and animals from the disease there should be you must adhere strictly to the decontamination of fresh fish during its processing in the fish processing plants in accordance with current technological instructions.

Literature:

1 Tuyakova R.К. Batyrbekov А.N.- Veterinary-sanitary examination of plant growing products, beekeeping and fish farming.- Kostanay, 2011

About the Authors

Bectemisova А.N. – 4th year student, by specialty 5V120200 Veterinary sanitation, A.Baitursynov Kostanai State University. e-mail: aseko HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"4 HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"a HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"@ HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"mail HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru". HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"HYPERLINK "mailto:aseko4a@mail.ru"ru

Kuzhukhova N.Т. – 4th year student, by specialty 5V120200 Veterinary sanitation, A.Baitursynov Kostanai State University. e-mail: kuzhuhova HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"_ HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"nadira HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"@ HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"mail HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru". HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"HYPERLINK "mailto:kuzhuhova_nadira@mail.ru"ru

Batyrbekov A.N. - The candidate of veterinary sciences, senior lecturer of the department of veterinary sanitation at A.Baitursynov Kostanai State University.