Lapa G.M.
Department of Foreign
Languages of Higher State Educational Establishment
"Bukovinian State
Medical University", Chernivtsi
DIDACTIC FUNCTIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF TEXT AUTHENTIC
SOURCES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING
PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED COMMUNICATION
OF FUTURE STOMATOLOGISTS.
Under conditions of the transfer
system the teaching of professionally-oriented belonging to another language
competence ranks a significant place in the process of training specialists - future stomatologists.
Communication direction of teaching at the Department
of Foreign Languages envisages foreign language communication training taking into
account the implementation of the functions, inherent to communication
of specialists in the field of dentistry: cognitive, regulatory, value-oriented,
conventional. The teachers of the department take into consideration in their
activity that
professionally-oriented speaking under conditions of
educational process has its own specificity, since it occurs in a limited
fields - on practical classes, therefore, the
quality of this process depends upon the quality of the didactic communicative materials
and technology of their implementation using systemic principles "speech -
speaking activity" as a single whole, as well as practical skills,
acquired during the 1st course.
Didactic material for teaching professionally-oriented communication
were divided by us into the following spheres: 1) interpersonal contacts; 2)
topics for professionally-oriented communication (monologues and dialogues); 3)
speaking situations, simulating the professional studying; 4) communicative tasks expressing evaluation of the
problem ; 5) speaking actions in different types of situations; 6)
language means presenting intercourse ( cliche, persistent phrases and so on).
In order to form communicative
competency belonging to another language we have prepared special exercises:
preparatory, forming language skills and their abilities of
unprepared speech, its reactivity and spontaneity are developed in dialogues, thematically presented in the
following way:
*at the
dentist;
* equipment
of dentistry and its use;
* development of dental science;
*hygiene of the oral cavity;
*present views as to the problems of dentistry; *prophylaxis in dentistry, etc.
Didactic unit of teaching dialogue is professionally
-oriented dialogue unit -microdialogue. Methodically it is based on a copy in
the form of a dialogue text, correctly associated
with speaking situation, where communication takes place .In teaching dialogue
speech we use different kinds of dialogues: dialogue-conversation,
dialogue-dramatization, dialogues in a mode of “teacher-student”, presenting them in pairs and by group as a
whole.
The main didactic method of
forming professionally-oriented speech, in our opinion, are exercises,
the final purpose of which is acquiring abilities to ask correctly as to the
information the future specialist became interested in, to react to collocutor's remark adequately and stylistically
correctly, to use rightly the cliches of the dialogue speech and combine (not
permitting repetition) remarks for making dialogues.
In the capacity of the didactic materials pertaining
to the teaching monologue speech we use adequate original
professionally-oriented lexical material in
order to teach the students to make use of ready expressions and, one after
one, logically, continually and completely submit it to the audience.
Educational material develops
such monologue skills: to retell the text; make information as to
the raised problem; make up a story; throw light on the heart of the problem
gradually; to substantiate thoughts; interpret information expressing attitude to it.
Compiling didactic material for professionally-
oriented communication of the students in
dentistry, we take into account authenticity and degree of its use in the
process of communication. That is to say, the principal of speaking direction, which must be justified by communicative value
just for the sphere of communication "dentistry", lies in its
base. Novelty of the didactic materials ensures the dynamics of the speaking
skills. Text material in the problem of modern
method of treatment in dentistry takes interest of the students in possibility of acquiring new knowledge by means of
foreign language and, according to this, intercourse and subsoil for
discussion to be arisen.
Didactic material in the form of
charts, drawings, paintings contribute to the tasks and exercises to be done in
time. Sufficient quantity of the standard phrases in exercises quickens
the process of communication, the availability of accurate instructions as to the
actions of task fulfillment enable the substantial foreign language
communication. Initiative, convertible, reproductive exercises are presented as
educational material in the context of the students’ individual work, which is
fulfilled in written form.
Formation of grammatical
competence is based on the texts, the content of which are well known to the students. The articles from periodicals,
monographs, published in scientific journals of Bukovinian state medical
university “Bukovinian medical herald”, “Clinical and experimental pathology”
are used to create a semantic basis of speech. Didactic
materials used in the system of communicative teaching are set
as principle of the national textbook in German language for the students of the department of dentistry.
The course of lectures (10
hours), approaching the students closer to
familiarity with the development and organization of dental services in Germany and Great Britain, the system of
education in dentistry, started in 2015/2016 academic year. The contents
of lectures as to terminological direction of lexical thesaurus of German and
English sublanguages in dentistry, review of grammar constructions, functioning
in them, are of great interest in the students.
Considering the previously mentioned problem of
“Fachtextsorten” professionalism in the aspect of “Fachsprache-in-Funktion”, we
proceed from the following conception of professionally-oriented teaching of
the students of Stomatological faculty: professional direction of teaching
material which we chose, what criteria we are guiding when choosing material to
work out the communicative situations, taking into account the fact that
foreign language teacher is not the specialist in dentistry, but his
integration with profile departments of the course helps him to make up the
basis of the texts in specialty for teaching various kinds of speaking activity
of the 2nd year students where foreign language as to its vocational
direction is studied.
The following factors are used to create this basis:
*the level of the professional direction and students’
conformity to the obtained knowledge;
didactic functions of the text material and styles:
scientific texts, monographs, parts of the textbooks, materials for
discussions, popular-scientific texts and so on, the cognitive level of which
is high and accessible for understanding the terms, special vocabulary, and
specialized logical structures.
The usage of such kinds of styles of the original
professional literature is directed to implementation of foreign language
communication in specialty, makes it conscious and enriches the ways of
mastering the chosen specialty. The following language speaking actions are in
the basis of this activity: the subject and topic of communication; the type of
communication and kinds of professionally-oriented materials for communication.
Scientific articles, which are the basis of the
provision of the language communicative aspect of the practical classes,
increase of motivation to those who are taught, predominate in the educational
process when studying foreign language using authentic professionally directed
materials.
1.
×åêàíîâè÷ Â.Ã.,
Ìàöåãîðà Ñ.Ì. Òåðì³íîëîã³÷íèé àñïåêò ðîáîòè ç àíãëîìîâíèìè ïðîôåñ³éíî
îð³ºíòîâàíèìè òåêñòàìè åêîíîì³÷íîãî ñïðÿìóâàííÿ // Materialy IV Mezina – rodni Vedecko-Prakticka Konference, Praha, 2008. – C.49-50.
2.
Vayburg M.L., Blokhin S.A. Training of understanding of foreign text
reading as search activity // IYASH. 1997. - ¹ 1. – S. 1924.
3.
Ladyzhenskaya T.D. Speaking as a tool and subject of study. – M.: Flint:
Science, 1998. – P. 136.