Nazarova A.A., Abdrazakova A.U
Korkyt
Ata Kyzylorda State University, Republic of Kazakhstan
The impact of globalization on
the ethnic relations in Kazakhstan
The date of the last 30 years,
globalization has made significant changes to the process of ethnic and
national issues. Tsar of Russia and other nations took part in the russification
policies of the Soviet Union, he was continuing treatment: deportation,
repression and genocide. At the same time, it should be noted that the ethnic
peculiarities of the nations of the Soviet people except Russian were destroyed
as the Soviet authorities aimed to build a number of small nations in the
territory of the USSR, their culture,
language and mentality had been lost
and they started to persuade other major nations’ symbols[1,101]. We can not say that it is the result of the great
powers’ "care" of the nations.
But the opinion of Russian
scientists on this issue are differ. According to Russian ethnologist,
anthropologist, historian, scientist, V.A Tishkov: the Soviet Union tried to
keep the country's multi-ethnic composition. In the twentieth century none of
the ethnic groups of the Soviet Union were disappeared [2,156]. A limited number of people in developed countries of the civilized
society or violent apparatus in accordance with the requirements of a large
number of the nation's culture, language, traditions that are forced to accept
the inevitability of history. Russian government and scientists are controlling
not only to keep the Russian language in post- Soviet space but the status of
official supervision as well, as it is the country with an aging land under
threat as a nation arbitrarily deprived of their position. "Nation",
"the title of the nation", "the status of the mother
tongue", "ethnic unity", "ethnic peace" were the key topics on the agenda of the issue of
the independent Republic of Kazakhstan as other republics of the Union after
the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Having proclaimed the independence of the nation, Kazakhstan is aiming at
creating the state Kazakh language, reconstruction of its culture and to
provide cultural and linguistic value of every ethnic group. The established
State should be nationally and historically formed on the territory of the
country and most important in number than other nations. The state creating
nation is the nation composing the main population of the state, the official
name of the state and determining the orientation of the directions of a
nation.
In the declaration "State
Sovereignty of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" issued in October 25,
1990 the Kazakh people was recognized as the founder of the state. The
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan adopted on January 28, 1993, proved
self-recognition of Kazakhstan, self-determination
of the nation state. And the new Constitution adopted in 1995 reported the
break off the division of the people of Kazakhstan to the title or without the
title.
The next expected result is to
create self-consciousness ‘I am from Kazakhstan’ though the language, religion
and culture are different". We believe that Kazakhstani people will be
proud of a Kazakh language. Though the
Russian language plays a great role as an ethnic language in the former Soviet
Union, creating Kazakhstani nation, for the reputation of the establishment of
a national language of the country in the international arena is to protect the
status of the native language. As “Where there is no language- there is no
nation” expressed by glorified alash people, though the Kazakh nation dominates we
have not to allow the language to remain outside of the scope. This is critical
for the country. Nowadays Kazakhstan is the Motherland to more than 130
different ethnic groups living in a common homeland. It is a political society
with equal rights for all ethnic groups. The Constitution of the Republic of
Kazakhstan guarantees the protection of the interests of all citizens despite
of their ethnic, racial, religious or other features.
Although Kazakh ethnic group lost two thirds of the nation in
the eighteenth century "national
disaster, alqakol sulama(starvation)", the shadow of Soviet policy in the twentieth century the Kazakh people come up to the historical epoch with the pace of the twenty-first century the era of globalization and are to be ready to
take care not to swallow. Preserved for centuries in the conditions of
globalization, inherited from ancestors, the naturally developed national
values are endanger. According to this historian scientist Abzhanov Khangeldy
says: "The phenomenon of the twentieth century totalitarian system poisons
dependent nations such as Kazakh with the false ideology, adheres the way
mixing civilization brain by the pressures of demographic minority to the same
ethnic, and in the twenty-first century superiority buying the treasures from
your country sell it to you for more
expensive price, suppresses you.
They affect the achievement of
the independence of the state, and even announce that it is ready to defend
respect for the public, take negotiations as equal country. But the last result
is using the technology dependence
they impose political, social, economic, moral and other values,
their way of life, mentality, worldview." concluded: " Nowadays it is
important to take part in growing globalization with the complex program. Globalization is not the
novelty invented by individum. It is the objective global phenomenon. We, with
the culture that just entered to the framework of freedom and power, which
prompted the foot of the national culture, have not to reject the globalization,
but we must act. "[3, 40].
And, "What is
globalization? What does globalization bring to Kazakhstan?" Many of can
not answer these questions. So first of all we have to define the meaning of
globalization. Definition National Encyclopedia: Jahandanu is a
globalization, the globalization of the world, globalization is a process of
formation of new global political, economic, cultural integrity of the
information[4, 610]. Sociologist Amangeldy Aitaly considers:
"Globalization brings together inter-state relationships, trade,
education, information, belief, faith, moral values, environmental protection
and proliferation of weapons and the rapid development of topical issues of
crime, and the interests of the state. It follows that the young states faces
the difficult choice: reckon with powerful states, as well as their own
national identity, to protect the dignity of conscience. The process of
globalization takes many nations its inevitable stream, absorb and deprive national
positions, language and religion, gradually penetration of economy, language
into the powerful nations caused
the risk " [5].
The world trend of
globalization of many nations, ethnic groups, their national characteristics as
religion, language, mentality do not allow compliance. So now it is the most
important period for Kazakhstan. Globalization influences to the culture of the
Kazakh people, the wisdom of the centuries-old tradition of the people without
impediment through free sources of information. We have to stop things of
western worldview influences like nightclubs, prostitution, drug addicts
that poisons the minds of young people. They are protected and saved from such a tragedy by
our national values, culture, customs and traditions. For not to be absorbed by
globalization as a nation, the main goal is to get comprehensive knowledge and
learn a lot of languages. The proverb "Learn to do good, evil red" is
more relevant today. It is better to
use the good side of globalization and be far from worse. We should to keep our religion, nation,
language and traditions. Let pass to civilization with our national culture.
The
list of used Literature:
1.Kazakhstan. The National
Encyclopedia / Ed. B.Ayagan. Almaty:
"Kazakh encyclopedia" edition, 2007. - 704 p. t.10.
2. Tishkov V.A. Unity of
diversity: issues from magazines "Etnopanorama" 1999-2008 Orenburg city: Publishing Center OGAW, 2008.-
184 p.
3. Nazarbayeva G., Abzhanov H.
Kazakhstan: history and destiny.
Articles. Almaty: "The book is published by" JSHS.- 2003. - 296 p.
4. Kazakhstan. The National
Encyclopedia / Ed. A. Nysanbaev. Almaty:
"Kazakh encyclopedia" edition, 2001. - 704 p. t.3.
5. Aitaly A. //Egemen
Kazakhstan. October 14, 2012