Kazakh National
Al-Farabi University
Tomayeva Narmina ,
student of the 1st year of education
Science teacher
Bekmukhametova Kalamkas Maratovna
(Almaty City, Republic
of Kazakhstan)
Ecological Police of the
Republic of Kazakhstan
Our planet Earth becomes the common home of the
humankind, where many conflicts, contradictions, problems can overgrow all
local frames and gain global, world-wide character.
It is important today to recognize the
inextricable connection of the nature and the society, which is of the mutual
character. It is important here to remember A.I.Herzen's words: "The
nature cannot oppose to the human being if the human being does not oppose its
laws".
On the 30 of April, 1996, at the direction of
the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, "Concept of Ecological Safety
of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was developed, which gave new impulses to the development of the
law making process in the sphere of ecological law of the Republic of
Kazakhstan (RoK), the cardinal reconstruction of the solution of problems
related to rational and protective nature management was based upon. This
decree lost its legal force today. [1]
The ecological problems is considered in the
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Article 6, 31, and 38 have
ecological legal character; they for the first time confirmer and introduced a
new ecological, environment-oriented concept, which essence is that "the
state makes protection of the environment favorable for life and health of the
human being its aim", that " concealing by officials of
facts and circumstances threatening the people's life and health results in
responsibility in conformity with the law" (Article 31). It has also such essential norm :
"Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must preserve the nature and care
about natural wealth" (Article 38). [1]
The peculiarity of Kazakhstan is that, alongside
with the threat of global ecological catastrophes, intensive degradation of the
ecosystem threats to the republic. According to the world ecological rating,
Kazakhstan belongs to zones of ecological disaster, where worsening of the
state of the environment has come to its critical margin, threatening to the physical and genetic health of the
population, species composition of flora and fauna, depletion of irreplaceable
natural resources. [2]
One of the most urgent ecological problems on
this stage is the state of water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The presence
and the state of water resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan decrease
significantly, and their intensive pollution can be destructive for the
environment. Under the influence of economic activity, hydrochemical,
hydrobiological sanitary regime of practically all rivers in Kazakhstan has
changed. If one takes into consideration the fact that Kazakhstan has law
resources of fresh water, it is the reason for serious apprehensions.
It is necessary to pay close attention to the
state of the resources of the main water arteries of Kazakhstan - Syr-Darya, Irtysh, and Ili Rivers, problem
of the Aral and Caspian Seas, Balkhash and Zaissan Lakes. [3] The most
important ecological problems in this area are pollution of the surface waters
and law level of water in deltas of trans-border rivers of the country and
adjacent to it Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and China.
For example,
the process of pollution of Syr-Darya River results in degradation of
its delta. The main pollutants of
Syr-Darya River are sulfates, nitrites, copper, and oil products. The maximum
concentrations of sulfates were noted on the level of 8 MPC, of nitrites - on
the level of 3 MPC, of oil products and copper - on the level of 4 MPC.
Proceeding to the conclusion of this article, we
must note that the nature and the society have specific characteristics. All
social life, production, human being and his consciousness exist on the basis
of natural materials and act in conformity with the nature laws. In connection
with it, the society is a part of the nature, however, is possesses its own
social essence. The society is surrounded by the nature. It continuously
interacts with it in the most various directions. The society cannot exist
without the natural environment.
It is often difficult to draw the line between
the nature that became a part of the society and the nature as the environment
of the society's life. Also we must
emphasize that for the safety of such rivers as Syr-Darya, Irtysh, and
Ili it needs to stop unsanctioned discharge of synthetic substances into these
rivers: both waste water of plants and
factories and farm sewage.
The policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of ecology
is that stricter normative legal acts
in the sphere of ecology must be developed for prevention of serious problems
in the ecological environment in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Bibliography
1. Constitution
of the RoK dated 30.08.1995
2. Ecological
Problems of Kazakhstan
(www.kisi.kz/img/docs/1268.pdf
date of the last visit - 11.12.2007).
3. Nyssanbek U.M. Conceptual Problems of
Eco9lo9gical Safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan // ANALYTIC, 2003.¹5. – P.17.