Orazgul Mukhatova

Doctor of Historical sciences,

Professor of the chair of World

history, historiography and source

Anar Tanabayeva

Graduate student

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Review and meaning of the photo documents

in the History of Kazakhstan

In nowadays society in the conditions of developing the science and technologies on transmission of truth and information it is increasing the methods of source analysis of audiovisual documents [1.137].

Also recently grows the public interest in the study of national history. In the study of the past of Kazakhstan, in the revision of certain points.

Different methods are used and the directions in the study of individual aspects are multiplied.

In the analysis of history also expanded research and documentary base, along with traditional sources there are attempts to use scientific and non-traditional sources.

Non-traditional sources become important in using of audiovisual documents. Undoubtedly, these sources are important in the study of the History of Kazakhstan in the XIX-XXI centuries.

However, compared with other sources, they have their own characteristics and have their differences as sources. Therefore, although it is not difficult to find and define the objectivity of appearance of these sources, but it is not easy to conduct source study analysis [2]. In this regard, in the study of audiovisual documents a special place takes the source study criticism [3. 4.].

Determination of the historical preconditions that influenced the creation of documents is important source analyzing of the historiography science. In this regard, the researcher in the study pays special attention to political, economic, social and cultural factors in society that influenced the appearance of the source.

And in a study of photographic documents, along with such preconditions should identify the organization where the document was created, its purpose, its mechanisms to achieve these aims and etc. influence the direction of a full analysis of the study.

Also studying the organization where was created the document, the activities of the organization, the main goal of the society, the mechanisms of their achievement had an impact to the complex research of the photo documents.

For example, when we visited the cultural organization of Turkic people (Turksoi - TURKSOY), located in Turkey, in Ankara. When we were looking at the TURKSOY periodical published photographs they attracted our attention not only with vibrant colors, but also with the sincerity and originality.

20th issue of the journal in 2012 was mainly dedicated to independent Kazakhstan.

On the 11th page of journal provided a passage from the Address of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan and his printed photos with President of Turkey during his trip to TURKSOY. The fact that these photos belong to TURKSOY confirms organization brand and presence of the Chief Secretary Duisen Haseinov, who stands in the photo next to our President. All of this demonstrates that every written and audiovisual source cannot be divided from the situation in the society and from the event which happened at that moment. They live in the Kazakh society as an evidence of the political, historical events, as well as they operate and serve us too.

So the audiovisual documents researchers should consider carefully all the details of the creation of the document, as the preconditions which affected the formation of the document and it will help to describe the document, to determine its structure and to identify its characteristics.

The document, which shows the background of historical events, processes and events also implements author’s thoughts and opinions. In this regard, it is extremely important to define the author of the document, and the summation of information about him. Without information about the author's autobiography, his culture and the level of knowledge, job, analyzing the document is not relevant, so in this case the researcher will face many complications.

The author of document, his identity and purpose in formation of the document, his credo, his position, completion of the document and other factors are important social information to the date. In our example, TURKSOY photographers are considered as authors of the photos. They were able to accurately convey through journey photos all the events and processes. For example, exactly depicts the moment of our President’s speech from the podium, when he was talking about solving problems in Kazakh society. This indicates the adequacy of professional experience of the artist, his high level of knowledge.

Feature of photo images is that they reveal the events at close range. However, local images of historical and cultural short passages and information allow the researcher to find out unexpected information, and make an important conclusion.

Photo documents, as well as sources of creative character, appear in different institutions and organizations with different directions and submission.

Therefore, due to their nature and information processing capacity the sources can be completed, if you specify the author, time and place of the appearance of the document, the title and summary, time, description of the carrier of information, time and location of training, technical, and other signs.

Feature of audiovisual documents from written sources that they are formed and written according to the place or the exact timing of the particular event. More specifically, photo document covers only one moment of the process.

For example, in January of this year in all media publications were printed photos of President Nursultan Nazarbayev during his speech with the Address to the people of Kazakhstan. If in one photo President slightly raising his hand and presenting the situation, in another one, he is smiling and coming in a good mood. This means that the picture can speak about the time and place of the document, its name and summary, the characterization of the carrier of information, time and location of training, as well as about technical and other signs.

In the analysis of time and place of appearance of photo documents an important role in determining the value of the document takes describing. This means the time and place specified in the abstract, is also the place and time of the document too. For example, "Astana. Ak Orda. 2010, December" that means the time of the Astana Summit and it is the basis for estimating the content of photos [5].

Description of the document appears in the analysis of space and time and it is important in determining its value. It should be noted that the time and place specified in the summary are the time and place of the appearance of the document.

Details of author’s idea (as interpreted) on set source or document are important as the idea is included in document at the time of its creation.

Therefore, in the explanation of the source the researcher analyzes the consciousness of the author, so he should search deeply the nature of the methods used by the author to create the document, a period of his life.

In turn, the famous scientist Lappo-Danilevsky wrote about understanding the inner world of another person (in our case author’s world) and about the "revival" of the author and his ideas. It means to promote the world of definition of the author's ideas, his personality, feature and content of the document.

In this regard, the photos in TURKSOY journal the former minister of culture, the current Secretary Mukhtar Kul-Muhammed with article "Culture of Kazakhstan in the years of independence" published in three languages clearly shows the position of the author.

In the photograph public figure stands before a large audience, as it has a sign Kazakhstan written in capital letters in front. There is a microphone on the table and a scaled version of the national flag and a small bottle of water. In the background image is written on September 20-21, 2011, so this event was held on these dates.

It means author witnessed the event or went as a photographer specifically from media. Through this picture, the author showed the public figure’s purpose and what techniques he used to achieve it.

During audiovisual documents analysis particularly important a source of original document or the concept of its absence [6].This problem in the scientific literature still cannot be fully reflected. Due to the absence of the original document researcher is faced with misunderstandings. These are basically the definition of a sample script or accompanying document. Audiovisual documents script is the events in the film and display information about the true facts.

The concept of the original photo document explains a little differently. In this case, the script is the author's photo which is not subjected to any technical, compositional and other changes. For example, photos of the Astana summit conducted by the United Nations in December 2010 were printed immediately. All photos published in the national media quickly. This proves that the photo documents has the advantage compared to the others, on the other hand provides information about the value of the source.

Misrepresentation of facts and events in audiovisual documents is quite common. This is especially increased with the emergence and rapid development of photos on films and sound recordings.

Due to the audiovisual material, in different periods of the history of Kazakhstan were distortions of historical events through different ways and methods of photophone documents [7]. For example, in a famous photograph sitting person at a meeting or assembly was removed from the photo, or another person was in this place [8].

There is a problem of disclosure of the contents of the source after explaining of document. Determination of the source content means identifying of the information and the truth of all the information in it. In the content analysis should be taken into account all the social information contained in it. In analyzing of this information, the researcher proves the truth of the facts and justify own position, solves the problem of determining the truth.

One of the important factors in effective research as a scientific source of audiovisual documents depth knowledge about the features of carriers of information. In performing this task focuses on the elucidation of the source and authenticity of the technical, chemical and photographic and other features of the carrier of information. It is necessary to have an accurate idea of audiovisual documents authenticity.

The concepts of the script and copies one of the problems arising in the study of external features of audiovisual documents. Basic attributes determine the authenticity of the document include the implementation of author’s filming fact and chemical- photographic processing of material. Image of the facts and events in audiovisual documents, paying special attention to current events, its evaluation, as well as their chosen way of showing some of the facts of real life through the photographic equipment are also important [9].

One of the important tasks of scientific analysis is a reality and full information showed in audiovisual documents and it deep disclosure and understanding, as well as an explanation to the artistic style of the captured or recorded material. When performing this task, you must hold a special work with each audiovisual document separately. You can not overlook all the individual parts for determining the true value of a document in a meaningful evaluation and characterization of all the moments recorded and showed in documents [10].

In recent years in our Republic started to publish works with illustrations. However, the illustrations are in many cases made not professionally and the presentation of historical events and processes, accompanying textual material is distorted or incomplete. It means they did not pass archeografic processing. This means that audiovisual documents archaeography as a separate research direction has not been formed.

Not only in the national historical science, but also in the Russian Federation where the study of audiovisual documents is at a more convenient way, on the subject published works not to solve, but by their characteristics, theories and techniques.

Although in 1990 in Moscow was published the work "Rules of disclosure of historical documents in the USSR" and it was shown the direction of audiovisual documents disclosure, the scientific literature in the future did not find the continuation [12].

In the country's history is important to pay attention to this problem and, according to every historical period distribute audiovisual documents described in the funds specified directories bibliographic series.

The time has come to explore audiovisual documents as historical and cultural heritage on the bright periods of the history of Kazakhstan.

Though without mastering the methods of analysis, methodologies and interdisciplinary communication of audiovisual documents it is difficult to solve the problems associated with them. Mastering the methods and research techniques of audiovisual documents allows the researcher to use the information from the documents in historical works.

1. Kovalchenko I.D. Methods of historical research. - M., 2003. - P.136.

2. Atabayev K. Fundamental sources of the History of Kazakhstan - Almaty: "Kazakh university", 2002. - P.35-36.

3.Magidov B.M. Audiovisual documents: main directions of source work / / Sources and local history in the culture of Russia. Collection. - M., 2000. - P. 32.

4. Seksenbaeva G.A. Audiovisual documents as sources on the History of Kazakhstan . Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences. - Almaty. 2009.

5. Schmidt S.O. The teaching of source / / Modern and Contemporary History. 1962. Number 4. - P.115-116.

6. Schmidt S.O. Modern problems of source / / Chronology: theoretical and methodological issues. - M., 1969. - P.33.

7. Article D. Vertov. Diaries. Plans. - M., 1966. -P. 54, 135.

8. B. Cardin .Yesterday evening / / Cinema Art. 1988. Number 4. - P. 22, E. Levin in the shade "branchy trees" / / Cinema Art. 1988. Number 11. - P. 32.

9. Pronshteyn A.P. Historical method of source. - Rostov, 1976. - P. 129.

10. Film: An Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M., 1986. - P. 194-195.

11. Magidov V.M. A visible memory of history. - M., 1984. - P.108-109.

12. The history of Soviet radio journalism: Documents. Texts. Memories. 1917-1945. - Moscow, 1991.