Gren’ N. M.
Lviv Regional Administrative Court Judge, Lviv, Ukraine
Mediation in the structure of conciliation procedures
Conciliation
procedures along with court procedures for resolving dispute with many
positives and therefore require special attention in scientific research.
Legal practice
reconciliation as the dispute resolution procedure set aside a special place.
As a rule, a reconciliation of jurisprudence understands Judicial and
Extrajudicial agreement of the parties to end the dispute by mutual
concessions. Speaking about the benefits of reconciliation before the imperious
"force" the case by addressing, on the basis of long-intensive
procedures determined by the "winner" and "loser" you
should pay attention to the statement of E.O. Nyefyedyeva that allows the
parties to achieve reconciliation subjective justice, as the true facts of the
case are known only to them, unlike the court, they are not bound by claims [1,
18-22, 24]
In the legal
validity of reconciliation can be applied in various spheres of social
relations and have different forms of expression.
Especially
problematic is the theoretical understanding of conciliation procedures in
countries where they are not very common, or are formal. These concerns
Ukraine, where there are a number of organizational, legal and theoretical
problems. These include in particular a parallel use of the terms
"mediation", "reconciliation", indicating the need for
development of Ukrainian unified terminology in the field of conflict
resolution [2, p. 25].
Clear
classification requires specific characteristics. In our opinion conciliation
alternative (non-judicial) settlement of disputes include:
• Negotiations -
communication between the parties to coordinate the interests and objectives,
which are characterized by equal opportunities for parties to control the
situation and making a decision. In the process of interaction between the negotiators
exchanged information necessary for combining opposing views and positions.
Negotiations are increasingly being used to solve crisis and conflict
situations, so urgent problem of action selection algorithm in solving them in
the interests of the parties, their promotion and principles of law;
• Arbitration
courts - is an institution resolving civil disputes based on mutual will of the
parties. Arbitration of disputes parties in civil and commercial relations
defined by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a kind of non-state
jurisdictional activities that arbitration courts exercise by the laws of
Ukraine by applying particular methods arbitrage. Implementation of arbitration
courts security features are provided by them is not justice, and arbitration
of disputes parties in civil and commercial relations within the law designated
by p. 5. 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine [3];
• Mediation as a
method of dispute resolution, used since times of the primitive society. The
involvement of a third neutral party to resolve conflict was associated with
the need to survive. The first to use this method of reconciliation were
priests and leaders to ensure law and order and security. The Ruska Pravda, one
of the oldest monuments of law, was assigned to the institution of
"child" who took part in the debate on the division of the
inheritance, then calling reconciliation of the parties acted the Russian
Orthodox Church in the person of the parish priests who were the authority of
the people. This procedure is called variously "mediation",
"motion", "offer of good offices" etc. At the beginning of
the XIX century, the Russian Empire had a system of commercial ships in the
strict procedural sense these are, but they process held in the form of
conciliation consideration of the use of customary law. In the second half of
the XIX century in the judicial reform in 1864 created the world's courts, one
of whose functions would argue that reconciliation and the Soviet period had
similar jurisdiction friendly courts have authority in the public mind. [4]
Institute of mediation in post-Soviet countries came from the Anglo-Saxon legal
system, where it is in the modern sense has evolved in the second half of the
XX century.
Mediation is one
of the most advanced conciliation procedures, because it has a number of
benefits including: • the opportunity to avoid lengthy and costly procedure; •
reducing the workload of the courts; • Lack of procedural constraint on the
parties, that the parties themselves can choose the time and place freely
express position on the dispute; • preserve the confidentiality of the parties,
while at the trial of the dispute, such information may be the property of a
wide range of people; • voluntary participation of the parties; • the ability
to save partnership between the parties to continue cooperation in the future.
1.
Склоненіе сторонъ къ миру въ гражданском процессе / Е.А. Нефедьев.
— Казань: Тип. Губернского Правления, 1890. — 92 с.
2.
Фрич В. Медіація (примирення) як альтернатива
судовому розгляду кримінальних проваджень / В. Фрич,
О. Комарницька // Вісник Національної академії прокуратури України . - 2013. - № 3. - С. 24-29.
3.
Справа за конституційним поданням 51
народного депутата України щодо відповідності Конституції України
(конституційності) положень абзаців сьомого, одинадцятого статті 2, статті 3,
пункту 9 статті 4 та розділу VIII «Третейське
самоврядування» Закону України «Про третейські суди» (справа про завдання
третейського суду), Рішення Конституційного суду України від 10.01.2008 р., № 1-рп/2008
у справі № 1-3/2008 : п. 4 [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу :
http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v001p710-08
4.
Тимошенко
К.И., Тимошенко Т.В. Примирительные процедуры в праве как средство предотвращения стрессовых ситуаций / К.И. Тимошенко, Т.В. Тимошенко // Электронный научный журнал
«Инженерный вестник Дона».- 2011. -
№4.- Електронний ресурс – Режим доступу: http://www.ivdon.ru/ru