Ôèçèêà/Òåîðåòè÷åñêàÿ ôèçèêà.

ÊÂÀÍÒÎÂÀß  ÏÐÈÐÎÄÀ  ÔÎÐÌÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÏÅÐÈÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÇÀÊÎÍÎÌÅÐÍÎÑÒÅÉ È ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÌÎÄÅËÜ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈß ÏÅÐÈÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÒÀÁËÈÖ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠÍÀ ÈÕ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ.

 ÏÎËÍÀß ÝÍÅÐÃÈß ÈÎÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÀÒÎÌÎÂ.  

                                                                                                 

                                                                              ê.õ.í.       Ôåäîðîâ Ñ.Â.

 

  Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò,

                                               Ðîññèÿ. 

 

 ðàáîòå [1] äàíà èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ïîíÿòèÿ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ âîäîðîäà,

         ;   ,                                                                       (1)

ãäå n =  f – 1 , ïðè÷åì f =  2, ….. , 7 – ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð ïåðèîäà ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà (â äàëüíåéøåì  ñèìâîë f äëÿ ïðîñòîòû íàïèñàíèÿ ôîðìóë áóäåì îïóñêàòü);  .

Óìíîæàÿ ëåâóþ è ïðàâóþ ÷àñòè âòîðîãî ðàâåíñòâà èç (1) íà 2 äëÿ íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ ïîëó÷èì

           ,                                                                                     (2)                                                                                               ãäå  ñâÿçàíî ðàâåíñòâîì  [1-3]

                                                                                                   (3)

ãäå ïðèíÿëè .

         Â ðàáîòàõ [1-3] òàêæå ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî

                                                                 (4)   Ðåøàÿ ñîâìåñòíî (2) è (4) ïîñëå íåîáõîäèìûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé, ïîëó÷èì                                                                                                                          

 

;   èëè     ,                   (5)                                                                                             ãäå  ïðè n >1;   ðàçëîæèëè â ðÿä.

Óðàâíåíèå (5) ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü

                                                                                                   (6)    Íå òðóäíî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî êîýôôèöèåíò, çàêëþ÷åííûé â ñêîáêè, ïðàâîé ÷àñòè ðàâåíñòâà (6)  

                                                                                          (7)                                                                                                              

 Â ýòîì ñëó÷àå  ëåâàÿ ÷àñòü ðàâåíñòâà (6)  ñâÿçàíà ñîîòíîøåíèåì

                                                                                                (1`)                      

Ïåðâûé ñîìíîæèòåëü  ðàâåíñòâà  (6) ïðåäñòàâèì â îáîáùåííîé ôîðìå 

                                                (8)                                                    

 ïîñëåäíåì ðàâåíñòâå íåîáõîäèìî çàìåòèòü, ÷òî . Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî çíà÷åíèå  n â ÷èñëèòåëå îòíîøåíèÿ ,  âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ,  íå ðàâíî çíà÷åíèþ n çíàìåíàòåëÿ. Ïîýòîìó çíà÷åíèå n â ÷èñëèòåëå ìîæíî îáîçíà÷èòü ÷åðåç  , à çíà÷åíèå n â çíàìåíàòåëå ÷åðåç . Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî ìîæíî çàïèñàòü

                                                                                                               (9) Ïðè ñòðåìëåíèè  â  (9) ê íóëþ, çíàìåíàòåëü ýòîãî îòíîøåíèÿ òîæå ñòðåìèòñÿ ê íóëþ, ò.ê. ñàìî îòíîøåíèå (9) ðàâíÿåòñÿ åäèíèöå. Ýòî âûòåêàåò èç óðàâíåíèÿ (8).Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ìîæíî çàïèñàòü

                                                                                  (10)                                                                                             

Ðàçäåëèâ ëåâûå è ïðàâûå ÷àñòè ðàâåíñòâà (6) ïîïîëàì, íàõîäèì

                                                                              (11)                                                                                                

 ôóíêöèè (11) ââåëè îáîçíà÷åíèÿ

,                                                                             (12)                                                                                       ÷òî ïðèâîäèò ê çàâèñèìîñòè 

                                                                                                                   (13)                                                                                                         

 ðàâåíñòâå (13) n ìåíÿåòñÿ îò 1 äî 7, ò.å  n = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.  Êàæäîìó çíà÷åíèþ n  îòâå÷àåò ñâîÿ ãðóïïà ðàâåíñòâ:

            n = 1

èëè 

                                                             (14)                                                         

                                                          (15)                                                                                                     Àíàëîãè÷íûå ðàñ÷åòû ìîæíî ïðîâåñòè íà áàçå äðóãèõ çíà÷åíèé n.

                                                   n = 4

 

                                                            (16)    

                                          

   

                                                           (17)

×òîáû ïåðåéòè â ðàâåíñòâàõ (16), (17) ê ðåïåðíûì ðàäèóñàì íåîáõîäèìî ÷èñëèòåëü (14,75)  óìíîæèòü íà îòíîøåíèå  äëÿ ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ è   äëÿ íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ. Ïðè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîé ïîäñòàíîâêå â âûøåóêàçàííûå îòíîøåíèÿ  ÷èñëà n = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ïîëó÷èì ñèñòåìó ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ìåíÿþùèõñÿ ðåïåðíûõ ÷åòíûõ è íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ.

n = 1;        ;  

      (18)


    

 

                                              n = 2              

   (19)

                                             n = 3            

   (20)

                                            n = 4               

     (21)          

 

                                          n = 5                            

(22)

 

                                         n = 6                      

(23)

                                       n = 7                    

  (24)

Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ (18) – (24) ëåãëè â îñíîâó ñîñòàâëåíèÿ äâóõ  ñèñòåì ïðîïîðöèé, îäíà èç êîòîðûõ îáðàçîâàíà íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ, âòîðàÿ íà áàçå íå÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ.

I - ñèñòåìà ïðîïîðöèé íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ   

(25)

II - ñèñòåìà ïðîïîðöèé íà áàçå íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ   

  

  (26)

,

 ðàáîòå [1] áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ïîëíîå ÷èñëî ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöå Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà  âûòåêàåò èç óðàâíåíèÿ

 ,                                          (27)   ãäå  m = 1, 2, 3 ….;  Zm = 118 ïðè m = 2.

Èç (27) âèäíî, ÷òî ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîñòàâíîé, ñîñòîÿùåé èç äâóõ ïðîñòûõ òàáëèö, êàæäàÿ èç êîòîðûõ ñîäåðæèò ïî 59 ýëåìåíòîâ  (Zm = 1 =59). Äëÿ ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà ýëåìåíòû ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå «èíåðòíûì ãàçàì» ïðèíèìàþò ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà â êîíöå ïåðèîäà  Zp - = 1; 9;  Zp+ = 27; 59;, ïðè÷åì ïåðâàÿ è âòîðàÿ ïàðû çíà÷åíèé  Zp-;   Zp+ ñâÿçàíû ñ óðàâíåíèåì [1]

                                                                                                            (28)                                                                                                                        ñîîòíîøåíèÿìè     

  ;   ,                                                              (29)                                                                                                                                                                  

ãäå ÷èñëî ïåðèîäîâ â ïðîñòîé òàáëèöå m = 1 â óðàâíåíèå (28). Ñðàçó ïîä÷åðêèâàåì, ÷òî ÷èñëî ïåðèîäîâ â ñîñòàâíîé òàáëèöå Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà , ãäå , çíà÷åíèÿ (-2) è (0) íå ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ, ò.ê. îíè äóáëèðóþò çíà÷åíèÿ . Íà îñíîâàíèè âûøå ïðèâåäåííûõ ïàð çíà÷åíèé Zp - = 1; 9;  Zp+ = 27; 59 óñòàíàâëèâàåì ÷èñëî ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà      I – 1;  II – 8;  III – 18;  IV – 32.

Âûøå óêàçàííûå ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà âûòåêàþò èç ïðîïîðöèè   ñèñòåìû ïðîïîðöèé (25). Ïðèíöèï ðàñ÷åòà ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì, îòëè÷íûõ îò ïðîñòîé ñèñòåìû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà  ïðåäñòàâëåí   òàáëèöàìè 1 è 2.

                                                                                                        

 

 

                                                                                                                       Òàáëèöà 1

Ðàñ÷åò ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì íà îñíîâå ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ.

n

       Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ÷åòíûìè ðàäèóñàìè.

                            

×èñëî

ýëåìåíòîâ       

â ïåðèîäå

Âñåãî ýëåìåí-òîâ â ïåðèîäå

 

1

1; 2; 6; 8

17

2

1; 4; 10; 16

31

3

1; 6; 14; 24

45

4

1; 8; 18; 32

59

5

1; 10; 22; 40

73

6

1; 12; 26; 48

87

7

1;14;30; 56;

101

                                                                                                                                 Òàáëèöà 2

Ðàñ÷åò ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì íà îñíîâå íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ.

n

       Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñ íå÷åòíûì ðàäèóñîì.

                                

×èñëî

ýëåìåíòîâ       

â ïåðèîäå

Âñåãî

ýëåìåí-

òîâ â ïåðèîäå

1

1; 3; 10; 12

26

2

1; 5; 14; 20

40

3

1; 7; 18; 28

54

4

1; 9; 22; 36

68

5

1; 11; 26; 44

82

6

1; 13; 30; 52

96

Íà áàçå ðàñ÷åòíûõ äàííûõ òàáëèö 1 è 2  ïðîâåëè ñèñòåìàòèçàöèþ ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ïðîñòûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåìàõ, ïðèâåäåííûõ â òàáëèöàõ 3, 4.       

                                                                                                            Òàáëèöà  3

 Ïðîñòûå ïåðèîäè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû ýëåìåíòîâ, âûòåêàþùèå èç ñèñòåìû ïðîïîðöèé (25)

Íîìåð

ïåðèîäà

Ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì, âûòåêàþùèõ èç  ïðîïîðöèé  (25)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

I

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

II

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

III

6

10

14

18

22

26

30

IV

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

Âñåãî

17

31

45

59

73

87

101

                                                                      

                                                                                                                                   Òàáëèöà 4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

       Ïðîñòûå ïåðèîäè÷åñêèå ñèñòåìû ýëåìåíòîâ, âûòåêàþùèå èç ñèñòåìû ïðîïîðöèé (26)

Íîìåð

ïåðèîäà

Ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì, âûòåêàþùèõ èç  ïðîïîðöèé  (26)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

I

1

1

1

1

1

1

(1)

II

3

5

7

9

11

13

(15)

III

10

14

18

22

26

30

(34)

IV

12

20

28

36

44

52

(60)

Âñåãî

26

40

54

68

82

96

(110)

           

Ôàêòè÷åñêîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ (íîìåðîâ ïî ïîðÿäêó) ïî ïåðèîäàì ñèñòåì 1 â òàáëèöàõ 3, 4 ïðåäñòàâëåíî â òàáëèöàõ 5, 6

                                                                                                                   Òàáëèöà 5

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì â ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 17

Íîìåð

ïåðèîäà

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû, ïîñòðîåííîé íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ (ñì. òàáë. 3; n = 1)

I

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

2

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

4

5

6

7

8

9

 

 

IV

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

                                                                                                                               Òàáëèöà 6

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì â ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 26.

 

Íîìåð

ïåðèîäà

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû, ïîñòðîåííîé íà áàçå íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ (ñì.òàáë. 4; n = 1)

I

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

2

3

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

 

 

IV

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Äëÿ ñîñòàâíûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö ñ ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 34 è 52, ïîñòðîåííûõ íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ è íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ  ðàññìîòðåí ïîðÿäîê èõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïî ïåðèîäàì â òàáëèöàõ 7, 8, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.  

                                                                                                                        Òàáëèöà 7

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì â ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 34

Ïåðèîäû

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû, ïîñòðîåííîé íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ                             

                                 

I

1

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

3

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

5

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

IV

7

8

9

10

11

12

 

 

V

13

14

15

16

17

18

 

 

VI

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

VII

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð ýëåìåíòà â òàáëèöå 7 ñîâïàäàåò ñ ÷èñëîì ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ, íà áàçå êîòîðûõ ïîñòðîåí äàííûé ýëåìåíò. Ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà ýëåìåíòîâ, çàìûêàþùèõ ïåðèîäû (âûäåëåííûå æèðíûì øðèôòîì â òàáëèöå 7)  ðàññ÷èòûâàþòñÿ èç ñîîòíîøåíèé

n = 1 (÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû òàáëèöû 1)

                                                  (30)

  

ãäå çíà÷åíèÿ   , âçÿòûå  â ñêîáêàõ, íå ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ ò.ê. çíà÷åíèÿ (6) è (18) â ñèñòåìå ðàâåíñòâ (30) ïîâòîðÿþòñÿ. 

                                                                                                         Òàáëèöà 8

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì â ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 52.

Ïåðè-

îäû 

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû, ïîñòðîåííîé íà áàçå íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ                                                                                                                                                            

I

1

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

3

4

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

6

7

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IV

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

 

 

V

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

 

 

VI

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

VII

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

Ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà ýëåìåíòîâ, çàìûêàþùèõ ïåðèîäû (âûäåëåííûå æèðíûì øðèôòîì â òàáëèöå 8)  ðàññ÷èòûâàþòñÿ èç ñîîòíîøåíèé

                                                            (31)

 ,

ãäå çíà÷åíèÿ   , âçÿòûå  â ñêîáêàõ, íå ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ ò.ê. çíà÷åíèÿ (8) è (28) â ñèñòåìå ðàâåíñòâ (31) ïîâòîðÿþòñÿ.

Îáîáùåíèåì ðåçóëüòàòîâ ðàñ÷åòîâ (30), (31)  ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïðîñòûõ è ñîñòàâíûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèöàõ äëÿ ðàçíûõ çíà÷åíèé n =1,2, …,7 ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöàõ  9, 10.                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                Òàáëèöà 9

Ôîðìóëû äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà ïðîñòûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ è íå÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ âîäîðîäà.

n

              ×åòíûå ðàäèóñû

                  Íå÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû

1

2

3

1

           

                

2

1

2

3

3

4

5

6

7

                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                 Òàáëèöà 10                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

Ôîðìóëû äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà ñîñòàâíûõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö íà áàçå ÷åòíûõ è íå÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ âîäîðîäà.

                                      

n

×åòíûå ðàäèóñû

Íå÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû

1

2

3

1

2

1

2

3

3

4

5

6

7

Ïðè àíàëèçå äàííûõ òàáëèöû 9   äëÿ ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ  ïðèõîäèì ê ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé çàâèñèìîñòè ýëåìåíòîâ òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà, ïðåäñòàâëåííîé â òàáëèöå 11.

                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                Òàáëèöà 11.

Ïðîñòàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 17, ñîñòàâëåííîé ñîãëàñíî ìîäåëè òàáëèöû 5 ñ ó÷åòîì âñåõ êâàíòîâûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïîñòðîåíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö

 

ïåðèîäû

 

n

      l

     ml

    

 ms

ñîñòîÿíèå

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì  ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïî àíàëîãèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ òàáëèöû 5 ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ  17

n = 1 (÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû)

×èñëî ýëåìåíòîâ

âñåãî

I

1

0

0

±1/2

2

He

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

II

2

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

   3

Li

   4

Be

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

III

 

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

5  

  B

6

  C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

7

  N

8

  O

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

9

 F

10

 Ne

 

 

 

 

IV

3

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

  11

Na

  12

Mg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

 

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

13

 Al

14

  Si

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

15

  P

16

   S

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

17

 Cl

18

 Ar

 

Ïðè àíàëèçå äàííûõ òàáëèöû 9   äëÿ íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ  ïðèõîäèì ê ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé çàâèñèìîñòè ýëåìåíòîâ òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà, ïðåäñòàâëåííîé â òàáëèöå 12.   

                                     

 

                                                                                                                

 

 

                                                                                                       Òàáëèöà 12

Ïðîñòàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 26, ñîñòàâëåííîé ñîãëàñíî ìîäåëè òàáëèöû 6 ñ ó÷åòîì âñåõ êâàíòîâûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïîñòðîåíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö.

ïåðèîäû

 

n

      l

     ml

    

 ms

ñîñòîÿíèå

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì  ïðîñòîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïî àíàëîãèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ òàáëèöû 6 ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ  26

n = 1 (íå÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû)

âñåãî

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

I

I

1

0

1/2

   1

H

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

II

1

0

0

± 1/2

 

2 He

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

2

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

   3

Li

   4

Be

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

2

+2

+1/2;-1/2

21     Sc

22  Ti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

  23

V

  24

Cr

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

25 Mn

26

 Fe

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

27

Co

 28

Ni

 

 

-2

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

29 Cu

30

Zn

 

 

 

 

 

IV

4

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

  19

K

  20

Ca

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

2

+2

+1/2;-1/2

  39

Y

 40

Zr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

  41

Nb

  42

Mo

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

  43

Te

  44

Ru

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

  45

Rh

  46

Pd

 

 

-2

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

47

Ag

48

Cd

 Òàáëèöû 11,12 ñîñòàâëåíû íà áàçå  ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ýëåìåíòîâ Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà è ó÷èòûâàþò ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ àíàëîãîâûõ òàáëèö 5,6. Ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà ýëåìåíòîâ àíàëîãîâûõ òàáëèö, âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ, ìîãóò íå ñîâïàäàòü ñ ïîðÿäêîâûìè íîìåðàìè ýëåìåíòîâ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà.

Ïðè àíàëèçå  ñèñòåì óðàâíåíèé òàáëèöû  10  äëÿ ÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ  ïðèõîäèì ê ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ýëåìåíòîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ òàáëèöåé Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà, ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êîòîðûõ ñîãëàñóåòñÿ ñ òàáëèöåé 7. Ôîðìà çàïîëíåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ  â ñîñòàâíîé òàáëèöå ïðèâåäåíà â òàáëèöå 13.

                                                                                                                               Òàáëèöà 13

Ñîñòàâíàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 34, ñîñòàâëåííîé ñîãëàñíî ìîäåëè òàáëèöû 7 ñ ó÷åòîì âñåõ êâàíòîâûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïîñòðîåíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö.

 

ïåðèîäû

 

n

      l

     ml

    

 ms

ñîñòîÿíèå

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì  ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïî àíàëîãèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ òàáëèöû 7 ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ  34

n = 1 (÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû)

âñåãî

I

I

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

;

   1

H

2 He

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

II

2

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

  

 

 

   3

Li

   4

Be

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

III

3

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

11

Na

12

Mg

 

 

 

 

2

IV

2

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

5

 B

6

  C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

7

  N

8

  O

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

9

  F

10   Ne

 

 

 

 

V

3

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

13   Al

14

 Si

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

15

  P

16

  S

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

17

  Cl

18  Ar

 

 

 

 

VI

 

 

 

4

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

29   Cu

30

 Zn

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

31 Ga

32

 Ge

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

33  As

34  Se

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

35  Br

36

Kr

 

 

VII

5

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

47 Ag

48  Cd

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

49

  In

50

 Sn

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

51

 Sb

52

 Te

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

53

    I

54  Xe

 

 

 

            Ñîñòàâíàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà ñ ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 52, ïîñòðîåííàÿ íà áàçå íå÷åòíûõ ðàäèóñîâ  , ïðåäñòàâëåíà â òàáëèöå 14.

                                                                                                                     Òàáëèöà 14

Ñîñòàâíàÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêàÿ òàáëèöà ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ 52, ñîñòàâëåííîé ñîãëàñíî ìîäåëè òàáëèöû 8 ñ ó÷åòîì âñåõ êâàíòîâûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïîñòðîåíèÿ ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ òàáëèö

ïåðèîäû

 

n

      l

     ml

    

 ms

ñîñòîÿíèå

Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ïåðèîäàì  ñîñòàâíîé ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû ïî àíàëîãèè ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïîðÿäêîâûõ íîìåðîâ òàáëèöû 8 ñ îáùèì ÷èñëîì ýëåìåíòîâ  52

n = 1 (íå÷åòíûå ðàäèóñû)

âñåãî

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

I

2

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

   3

Li

   4

Be

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

II

1

+1

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

+1/2;

 

 

5

    

6

Ñ

 

7

N

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

III

0

 

-1

+1/2;

   

+1/2;-1/2  

 

 

8

  O

 

9

  F

 

10

Ne

 

 

 

 

 

3

IV

 

 

4

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

  19

K

 20

Ca

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

3

0

0     

+1/2;-1/2

  11

Na

  12

Mg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

+1

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

+1/2

13

 Al

14

Si

 

15

  P

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

-1

 

+1/2;

 

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

16

S

 

17

 Cl

 

18

 Ar

 

 

 

 

 

V

 

2

+2

+1/2;-1/2

 

  21

Sc

 

  22

Ti

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

  23

 V

  24

Cr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

  25

Mn

 26

Fe

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  27

Co

  28

Ni

 

 

-2

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

29

Cu

30

Zn

VI

5

0

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 37

Rb

  38

Sr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

2

+2

+1/2;-1/2

 

  39

Y

  40

Zr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

  41

Nb

  42

Mo

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

  43

Tc

  44

Ru

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  45

Rh

46

Pd

 

 

 

 

 

-2

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

47

Ag

48

Cd

VII

4

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

31 Ga

32

Ge

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

33

As

34

Se

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

35

Br

36Kr

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

1

+1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

  37

Rb

  38

Sr

 

 

 

 

0

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  39

Y

  40

Zr

 

 

-1

+1/2;-1/2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  41

Nb

 42

Mo

Èç ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ (6), çàïèñàííîãî â îáùåé ôîðìå âûòåêàåò ñèñòåìà ñîîòíîøåíèé

 í÷/÷ò          (n = 1)                                (n = 2)                                (n = 3)                                        

                 

                   (n = 4)                                 (n = 5)                                 (n = 6)   

           (32)

÷ò/í÷          (n = 2)                                 (n = 3)                                (n = 4)      

  (33)

Èç óðàâíåíèé (32) è (33) âûòåêàþò âàæíûå ñëåäñòâèÿ. Íàïðèìåð, íà áàçå ñîîòíîøåíèÿ, ñâÿçàííîãî ñ   ìîæíî çàïèñàòü ðàâåíñòâî âèäà

                                                                                                                  (34)

Ðåøàÿ óðàâíåíèå (34) îòíîñèòåëüíî  - èìååì

                                                                                                                                   (35)

Ïóñòü ôóíêöèÿ , çàâèñèò îò ïàðàìåòðà  

ò.å.

                                                                                  (36)

Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ (36) â (35), ïîëó÷èì

                                                  (37)

 - ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà èíåðòíûõ ãàçîâ   He, Ne, Ar  â ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöå Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà. Ïî àíàëîãèè ïðåäñòàâèì ôóíêöèþ  , çàâèñÿùóþ îò ïàðàìåòðà , ò.å.

                                                                               (38)

Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ (38) â (35), èìååì

                                         (39)

 - ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà èíåðòíûõ ãàçîâ  Xe, Rn, 118 – ýëåìåíò.

 òðåòüåì ñëó÷àå ïî àíàëîãèè ñ ïðåäñòàâëåíèåì  ôóíêöèè (38)   ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü

                                                                                 (40) Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ (40) â (35), íàõîäèì

                                                    (41)

 - ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà èíåðòíûõ ãàçîâ  (Xe) , Kr , (Ar) .

Ïîðÿäêîâûå íîìåðà (Õå) è (Ar) íå ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ, ò.ê. èõ çíà÷åíèÿ ïîâòîðÿþòñÿ,  (ñì. ðàâåíñòâà  (37) è (39) ). Ñëàãàåìûå ÷èñëèòåëåé  ðàâåíñòâ (3537), (39) è (41) âçàèìîñâÿçàíû ìåæäó ñîáîé.     ×òîáû âûðàçèòü ýòó âçàèìîñâÿçü, ââåäåì îáîçíà÷åíèÿ

                              (42) Ñîãëàñíî ýòèì îáîçíà÷åíèÿì  â îáùåì ñëó÷àå,  èìååì:

                                                      (43)

Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ (43) îáëåã÷àåò ïîèñê âûøåóêàçàííûõ êîýôôèöèåíòîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ïîñòðîåíèåì ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà.

            Èñïîëüçóÿ ñîîòíîøåíèÿ (43), äëÿ no = 1, èìååì                       (44)

Èç ñèñòåìû (32) äëÿ no = 1 âîñïîëüçóåìñÿ ðàâåíñòâîì

                            (45)          

 ýòîì ñëó÷àå ïîèñê óðàâíåíèé   ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì îáùèõ ñîîòíîøåíèé (43) ïðèâîäèò ê ðåçóëüòàòàì

                                         (46)

                                     (47)

                                    (48)  Ïðèíèìàÿ no = 2, èìååì

                          (49)

                                  (50)

                                                    (51)

                                       (52)

                                   (53) Ïðè no = 3,  íàõîäèì

                (54)

       (55)

                                 (56) 

                       (57) 

                             (58)

Ïðè  no = 4

               (59)

                                                                    (60)

                                                  (61)

                                   (62)

                               (63)

Ïðè  no =5   

                  (64)

                                   (65)

                                               (66)

                                  (67)

                                 (68)

Ïðè  no = 6

            (69)

    (70)

                                     (71)

                              (72)

                                    (73)

Ñâÿçü ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ  â ïåðèîäå ïåðèîäè÷åñêîãî çàêîíà Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà ñ êâàíòîâûì ÷èñëîì  ìîæíî ðàññìîòðåòü íà ïðèìåðàõ ðàñ÷åòîâ  ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ íà îñíîâå ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ äèñêðåòíûìè ÷èñëàìè n = 5, 6, 7.

Äëÿ nî = 5, èìååì

                                                                    (74) 

                                                    (75)

                                                                         (76)

Ïðè no = 6, èìååì

                                                           (77)

                                   (78) 

                                                                    (79)

Ïðè  no =  7,  èìååì

                                                           (80)

                                 (81)

                                                                 (82)            Èç âûøå ïðèâåäåííûõ ðàñ÷åòîâ âûòåêàåò, ÷òî çíà÷åíèå êâàíòîâîãî ÷èñëà  ð íàõîäèòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ  - 2 äî 2, ÷òî ñîãëàñóåòñÿ ñ ïðåäûäóùèìè ðàñ÷åòàìè (ñì. (46)-(48)). Ñâÿçü ìåæäó ïàðàìåòðàìè m (ñì. (12))è p   îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ çàâèñèìîñòüþ:

äëÿ ÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ

                                                         (83)

èëè                                                                                  (84)  Ðåøàÿ (84) îòíîñèòåëüíî n, èìååì

                                                                                                        (85) Ïðèíèìàÿ âî âíèìàíèå, ÷òî  ðàâåíñòâî (85) ïðèìåò âèä

                                                                                                                   (86)   Ñîãëàñíî ïðàâîé ÷àñòè (83) ìîæíî çàïèñàòü

                                                                                                                       (87)       

Ðàâåíñòâà (86) è (87) èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â ôîðìèðîâàíèè ïðèíöèïà  îòáîðà ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà   (ñì. òàáë. 11, 12).  

Ñâÿçü ìåæäó ïàðàìåòðàìè m (ñì. (12))è p   äëÿ íå÷åòíûõ ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ âûðàæàåòñÿ çàâèñèìîñòüþ  

                                          (88)     èëè                                                                       (89) 

Ðåøàÿ (89) îòíîñèòåëüíî n è ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî , íàõîäèì

                                                                                                                      (90) Ñîãëàñíî ïðàâîé ÷àñòè (88) èìååì 

                                                                                             (91) 

Èñïîëüçóÿ âûøå ïðèâåäåííûå óðàâíåíèÿ (83) - (91) ïîçâîëÿþò ââåñòè ïðèíöèï îòáîðà ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà  (ñì. òàáë. 15,16).                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                 Òàáëèöà 15

Ïðèíöèï îòáîðà ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà, íà îñíîâå êâàíòîâîé ïðèðîäû ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ è ñòðóêòóðû ïåðèîäè÷åñêîãî çàêîíà.

 

 

 

Ê

 

 

 

Ð

      

           

m

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

1,84375

32

-

5

59

5

 

1

1,84375

-

18

-

-

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

0

1,84375

8

-

3

14,75

3

 

-1

1,84375

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

1,84375

2

-

20

3,6675

1

 

 

 

 

 

36

1,84375

0

2

2

0,921875

32

-

6

29,5

5

 

1

0,921875

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,921875

8

-

12

7,375

3

 

-1

0,921875

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,921875

2

-

36

1,84375

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

 

 

 

 

68

0,921875

0

3

2

0,61458733

32

-

7

19,6666

5

 

1

0,61458733

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,61458733

8

-

16

4,91667

3

 

-1

0,61458733

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,61458733

2

-

52

1,2291666

1

 

 

 

 

 

100

0,61458733

0

4

2

0,4609375

32

-

8

14,75

5

 

1

0,4609375

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,4609375

8

-

20

3,6875

3

 

-1

0,4609375

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,4609375

2

-

68

0,921875

1

 

 

 

 

 

132

0,4609375

0

5

2

0,36875

32

-

9

11,79999

5

 

1

0,36875

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,36875

8

-

24

2,25

3

 

-1

0,36875

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,36875

2

-

84

0,7375

1

 

 

 

 

 

164

0,36875

0

6

2

0,30729168

32

-

10

9,83333

5

 

1

0,30729168

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,30729168

8

-

28

2,458833

3

 

-1

0,30729168

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,30729168

2

-

100

0,61458733

1

 

 

 

 

 

196

0,30729166

0

7

2

0,26339285

32

-

11

8,4285703

5

 

1

0,26339285

-

18

-

-

4

 

0

0,26339285

8

-

32

2,1071428

3

 

-1

0,26339285

-

-

-

-

2

 

-2

0,26339285

2

-

116

0,52678541

1

 

 

 

 

 

228

0,26339285

0

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                     Òàáëèöà 16                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ïðèíöèï îòáîðà ÷èñëà ýëåìåíòîâ â ïåðèîäàõ ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû Ä.È. Ìåíäåëååâà, íà îñíîâå êâàíòîâîé ïðèðîäû ðåïåðíûõ ðàäèóñîâ è ñòðóêòóðû ïåðèîäè÷åñêîãî çàêîíà.

 

 

 

 

k

 

 

 

 

P

Äëèíà

ðÿäà

 

Äëèíà

ðÿäà

 

 

 

 

 

m

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

0

1,229166

32

-

2,25

39,3333

 

 

5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

 

1

1,229166

-

18

 

 

2,833333

22,125

4

 

2

1,229166

8

-

4,5

9,833333

 

 

3

 

3

1,229166

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

1,229166

2

-

13,5

2,458333

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

2

0

0,7375

32

-

2,75

23,6

 

 

5

 

1

0,7375

-

18

 

 

3,72228

13,275

4

 

2

0,7375

8

-

6,5

5,9

 

 

3

 

3

0,7375

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

0,7375

2

-

21,5

1,475

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

3

0

0,526786

32

-

3,25

16,857

 

 

5

 

1

0,526786

-

18

 

 

4,611111

9,482

4

 

2

0,526786

8

-

8,5

4,21429

 

 

3

 

3

0,526786

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

0,526786

2

-

29,5

1,05357

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

4

0

0,409722

32

-

3,75

13,1111

 

 

5

 

1

0,409722

-

18

 

 

5,5

7,375

4

 

2

0,409722

8

-

10,5

3,2777

 

 

3

 

3

0,409722

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

0,409722

2

-

37,5

0,81944

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

5

0

0,335227

32

-

4,25

10,7272

 

 

5

 

1

0,335227

-

18

 

 

6,388888

6,034

4

 

2

0,335227

8

-

12,5

2,68182

 

 

3

 

3

0,335227

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

0,335227

2

-

45,5

0,67045

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

6

0

0,283654

32

-

4,75

9,0769

 

 

5

 

1

0,283654

-

18

 

 

7,277777

5,10577

4

 

2

0,283654

8

-

14,5

2,2692

 

 

3

 

3

0,283654

-

-

 

 

 

 

2

 

4

0,283654

2

-

53,5

0,5673

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

    ðàáîòå [3]  ðàññìàòðèâàëàñü çàäà÷à î ïîëíîé ýíåðãèè èîíèçàöèè àòîìà, êîòîðàÿ ðàññ÷èòûâàëàñü ïî óðàâíåíèþ

,                                                                  (92)

ãäå Zif  - ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð ýëåìåíòà ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû  f – ãî  ðÿäà;

f – ïîðÿäêîâûé íîìåð  ðÿäà ïåðèîäè÷åñêîé òàáëèöû;

af , bf  - ïîñòîÿííûå  êîýôôèöèåíòû  ôóíêöèè f – ãî  ðÿäà;

27,18 (ýâ) – çíà÷åíèå àòîìíîé åäèíèöû ýíåðãèè  

à1 – ïåðâûé ðàäèóñ Áîðà;  å – çàðÿä  ýëåêòðîíà (ïðîòîíà).

Çíà÷åíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòîâ af è bf  ôóíêöèè

                                                                               (93)

è èõ îòíîøåíèÿ  ïðèâåäåíû â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ðàâåíñòâàõ ñèñòåìû óðàâíåíèé (95)

                                                                            (94)                                                        

                                                                                                                              

                   (0,633)                    

       (21)

       (21)

      (36)

     (53)                            (95)

              (71)

          (85)

                (71)

     (117)

, (71)               

ãäå   ôóíêöèè, êîýôôèöèåíòû êîòîðûõ ïðè Z è ñâîáîäíûå ÷ëåíû ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ñîâïàäàþò.

Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷åòà ïî óðàâíåíèþ (92) ïðèâåäåíû â òàáëèöàõ 17, 18.

                                                                                                             Òàáëèöà 17

Ïîëíûå  ýíåðãèè äèññîöèàöèè àòîìîâ, ðàññ÷èòàííûå ïî ñèñòåìå ðàâåíñòâ (95), ñâÿçàííûõ ñ óðàâíåíèåì (92).                                                

 

 

   Z

 

 

Ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)*

  E

(ý.â.)

[5,6]

Îòí.

îøèáêà   

     %

Z

ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)

  E

(ý.â.)

[5,6]

Îòí.

Îøèáêà

     %

               

1

H

13,601

13,595

0

2

He

78,95

78,98

0

 

27,18(ýâ)

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3

Li

208,67

203,453

 2,56

11

Na

4460,35

4419,946

 0,91

4

Be

399,47

399,05

 0,1

12

Mg

5473,575

5450,945

 0,41

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

5

B

671,01

670,804

 0,03

13

Al

6613,16

6613,303

-0,002

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

6

C

1027,91

1029,81

-0,185

14

Si

7884,485

7888,403

-0,05

7

N

1484,53

1485,36

-0,059

15

P

9293,277

9295,819

-0,027

8

O

2043,9

2043,264

 0,03

16

S

10844,7

10858,28

-0,125

9

F

2695,52

2696,35

-0,031

17

Cl

12544,28

12555,36

-0,088

10

Ne

3509,68

3509,49

 0,0054

18

Ar

14397,76

14397,8

 0

 

 

19

K

16453,8

16379,83

0,45

37

Rb

77222,93

 

 

20

Ca

18559,94

18508,08

0,276

38

Sr

82339,59

 

 

21

Sc

20820,11

20786,15

0,1634

39

Y

87660,51

 

 

22

Ti

23238,48

23221,41

0,0735

40

Zr

93189,10

 

 

23

V

25819,24

25820,8

0

41

Nb

98928,83

 

 

24

Cr

28566,55

28536,00

0,107

42

Mo

104883,5

 

 

25

Mn

31484,6

31536,74

-0,165

43

Tc

111055,3

 

 

26

Fe

34577,55

34651,58

-0,214

44

Ru

117448,9

 

 

27

Co

37849,57

37896,04

-0,123

45

Rh

124067,4

 

 

28

Ni

41304,84

41381,30

-0,185

46

Pd

130914,1

 

 

29

Cu

44947,54

44956,26

-0,02

47

Ag

137992,4

 

 

30

Zn

48781,82

48785,65

0

48

Cd

145305,9

 

 

31

Ga

52811,85

52815,44

0

49

Jn

152857,8

 

 

32

Ge

57004,79

57009,25

-0,06

50

Sn

160651,8

 

 

33

As

61475,84

61402,47

0,12

51

Sb

168691,1

 

 

34

Se

66118,15

65982,01

0,206

52

Tl

176979,1

 

 

35

Br

70972,88

70758,92

0,302

53

I

185519,4

 

 

36

Kr

76044,21

75724,15

0,422

54

Xe

194315,4

 

 

                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                          Òàáëèöà 18.

Ïîëíûå  ýíåðãèè äèññîöèàöèè àòîìîâ, ðàññ÷èòàííûå ïî ñèñòåìå ðàâåíñòâ (95), ñâÿçàííûõ ñ óðàâíåíèåì (92).                                            

 

 

 

   Z

 

Ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)*

 

 

 

Z

ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)*

 

 

 

Z

ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)

 

 

 

Z

ýëåìåíòû

(ý.â.)

              

  

              

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

55

Ñs

200114,56

72

Hf

392306,71

89

Ac

656351,36

106

Rf

1031072,5

56

Ba

209228,25

73

Ta

406244,23

90

Th

675435,74

107

Bh

1056600,6

57

La

218599,58

74

W

420494,82

91

Pa

694874,39

108

Hn

1082536,0

58

Ce

228231,84

75

Re

435061,8

92

U

714670,4

109

Mt

1108881,1

59

Pr

238128,27

76

Os

449948,4

93

Np

734826,87

110

 

113639,5

60

Nd

248292,15

77

Ir

465157,92

94

Pu

753346,9

111

 

1162814,3

61

Pm

258726,74

78

Pt

480693,57

95

Am

776233,59

112

 

1190408,0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

62

Sm

269435,29

79

Au

496558,64

96

Cm

797490,03

113

 

1218424,4

63                                                                                      

Eu

280421,08

80

Hg

512756,4

97

Bk

819119,31

114

 

1246866,2

64

Gd

291687,36

81

Tl

529290,4

98

Cf

841124,59

115

 

1275736,8

65

Tb

303237,39

82

Pb

546163,01

99

Es

863508,87

116

 

1305039,1

66

Dy

315074,44

83

Bi

563378,36

100

Fm

886275,3

117

 

1334776,0

67

Ho

327201,75

84

Po

580939,47

101

Md

909426,89 

118

 

1364951,2

68

Er

339622,63

85

At

598849,57

102

No

932966,95

 

 

 

69

Tm

352340,29

86

Rn

617111,89

103

Lr

956898,45

 

 

 

70

Yb

365358,04

87

Fr

619232,97

104

Db

981224,5

 

 

 

71

Lu

378679,09

88

Ra

637618,12

105

Ji

1005948,2