Tastemirova Zh.A.
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Accounting and Auditing
Kostanai State University A.Baitursynov,
Kazakhstan
BACKGROUND AND FORMATION OF ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED STRUCTURES IN
AGRIBUSINESS
A major role in enhancing
the competitiveness can ensure the development of cooperation and integration
in the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products.
The purpose of the
cooperative should not be making a profit, and the service of economic
interests of its members.
Combining farms for joint
production and processing of agricultural products should be based on the
following principles:
- The organization of
cooperative activities on a democratic basis;
- Services cooperative,
profitable for its members;
- A fair, clear and
accepted by all the members of the cooperative distribution of profits.
The size of the
cooperative enterprises should be demand of its members. The basis for the
formation and development of cooperative enterprises in the market economy is
the division and specialization of labor processes and industries. In the
course of their further association can be created more large-scale production,
which has a higher productive power and competitiveness.
Horizontal co-operation
should be used when combining private farms (peasant farms and smallholdings)
and small collective farms producing commodity grain, milk, vegetables, etc..,
Which, when co-operation of continuing in the future to produce mainly
agricultural products.
Vertical farms form
cooperatives will be more complex level of association. In contrast to the
simple form of industrial cooperation farms (horizontal), co-operatives can
vertically integrate (integrate) the efforts of all agricultural organizations
- small, medium and large, interested not only in the production of
agricultural products (raw materials and food), and its storage, transport,
processing and marketing; in the implementation of agro-service and marketing
functions, etc. All of this creates an opportunity for more efficient use of
the means of production, including land, labor and material resources.
Thus, the main objective
of vertical cooperation (integration) - expanding the scope of employment of
agricultural producers, the introduction of the achievements of scientific and
technical progress and new technologies in the production process, increasing
personal interest producers in improving its quality, enhancing the
competitiveness of the entire process chain with bringing food to the end-user.
If we consider the
process of co-operation on a larger scale in relation to cross-cutting
relationships with agricultural producers and other sectors of the agricultural
sector, the process of vertical agricultural cooperatives (integration) can grow
into agro-industrial integration.
Agroindustrial
integration is a form of productive interaction of agriculture with related
sectors of agriculture, in processing products, agro service and market
infrastructure for bringing products to the consumer.
Agroindustrial
integration can develop in different directions, the main ones in the
agricultural sector of Kazakhstan may be:
- Strengthening the
communication and interaction between the development of agricultural
enterprises and agro-industrial units with related industries and businesses
related fields;
- Formation of
agro-industrial associations based on the integration of agricultural
enterprises, cooperatives K (P) X and households with the enterprises of
processing, storage, trade and other related industries, including agricultural
machinery, chemical industry and others.
The objective basis of
the agro-industrial integration is the STP and the development of social
division of labor, specialization and expansion of linkages of agriculture with
other sectors of agriculture.
The forms of
agroindustrial integration depends on the level at which this process occurs:
in the country, region (province, district) or at the level of individual enterprises.
On the scale of a country or large regions (provinces) agro-industrial
integration can be manifested in the formation and development of a large food
complex.
Total on the Republic of
Kazakhstan can create 16 large agrokombinats: in each region and in the
suburban area of Astana and Almaty.
At the district level
agro-industrial integration can be manifested in the formation of
agro-industrial units in various organizational and legal forms for deep
processing, storage, production and sale of food products. The forms of
agroindustrial integration is dependent on the degree of technical and
technological, organizational and economic cooperation between the merging
entities.
One of the forms that can
be offered at the district level in the Republic of Kazakhstan - the creation
agropuls (associations), the purpose of which is the union of producers of
agricultural products (milk, sugar beets, etc.), processors (milk factory,
sugar factory, etc. ), suppliers of services (agricultural chemistry,
transport, ZOOVETSNAB, etc.) while maintaining their production and economic,
financial, economic and legal independence.
The function agropul
(associations) should include:
- To inform the
participants about the need to manufacture such agricultural products and
processed products, which will be in demand in the market;
- The creation of
procurement of raw materials;
- Operational issues
servicing;
- The resolution of
disputes between the parties on prices;
- Increasing the
possibility of collateral for bank loans in the second level;
- Risk reduction on
government loans, leasing of equipment and machinery; replenishment of working
capital, purchase of fertilizer, seed and livestock, etc .;
- Facilitate increased
production and product quality;
- Providing information
and consulting and marketing services, consulting on legal issues, agribusiness
management, technology and other issues.
To solve the financial
issues, the agropul (association) can create rural credit associations (SKT).
Agropul (association)
could act independently founder of ACT, but the conditions of their establishment
and functioning, provided by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
involve only service members (founders) of the credit partnership which can
only be personally agropul members - individually.
The state and municipal
governments need the support and promotion of agropuls (associations) that may
be in the budget, regulatory support, active promotion of the feasibility of
establishing agropul among economic entities of agribusiness.
Given the strengthening
of inter-state relations and interactions in the framework of the Customs
Union, the CIS and EurAsEC, you must pay attention to the feasibility of
establishing a joint industrial associations, primarily in the border regions.
Such cooperation Kazakhstan, for example, with the Russian Federation will
attract additional investment resources, better technology and skilled
personnel, thereby increasing the quality of products and production volumes.
When creating a
cooperative and integrated structures to ensure their successful operation, in
addition to technological issues need to be addressed as follows:
- Ensuring maximum
capacity utilization of its own resources of participants;
- Prevention of lack of
working capital for the purchase of raw materials, especially seasonal, through
the redistribution of financial resources between the parties on an
interest-free basis, or through the formation of a reserve fund of funds;
- Ensuring maximum safety
when transporting products throughout the processing chain to the end user;
- Ensuring the replacement
of morally and physically obsolete machinery and equipment in order to produce
quality products in accordance with international standards;
- Ensure organized
cooperation between agricultural producers, agricultural services enterprises,
food processing industry agriculture, market infrastructure;
- Solution of problems
with long-term lending and investment bail association (cooperative, integrated
form), and it produces the final product;
- Providing information
and consulting and marketing services, advice on accounting, law, basics of
agribusiness, etc. members of the association.
In a market economy it is
important to increase the competi-tiveness of products based on its proximity
to the international quality standards, regular updating of assortment and
constant resource provision. This requires monitoring of market conditions and
prices, implemented promptly and allow you to maneuver the resources available.
Such operations management and will allow more resources to function
effectively unite. This requires extensive market infrastructure for real-time
monitoring of the relevant markets.
The main direction of
enhancing measures to address the problems in this area is to coordinate
information and activities on the basis of its agricultural sector, the
processing sector and trade network that provides efficient use of
agro-resources and eliminate contradictions in the processing structures that
interfere with the growth of the efficiency of agribusiness in general, improve
the competitiveness of its products taking into account international standards
and ensure the country's food security.
These functions must take
collective management bodies: the board in a cooperative, integrated control
unit or the formation of a management company in agroindustrial formations
holding type.
In addition, at the state
level necessary to solve the following questions:
- To reduce the rates of
customs duties on equipment and raw materials not produced in the Republic of
Kazakhstan, and especially important, if necessary, abolish;
- Provide subsidies for
food and processing industries AIC;
- To eliminate double
taxation (VAT) on purchase of livestock products from individuals (producers);
- To develop an effective
mechanism of leasing for food and processing industries of agribusiness.
Also required operational
monitoring of prices of agricultural commodities; stable energy prices, clear
and long-term tax system, different rules for producers and market structures
that affect the final product, its price and availability for consumers.
In this connection it is
necessary to further develop information-marketing system of the Ministry of
Agriculture spread it throughout the country, establishing a system of
collecting primary information and increase its credibility, the creation of
regional information-consulting, marketing and consulting centers. This may be
the most effective information-consulting centers, is also carried out market
research.
In these conditions
should also be enhanced as a government policy to provide direct support to
agricultural industries as well as in the regulation and protection of the
internal market; because the current rates for many types of products
(sausages, dairy products, soybean meal, and others.) do not provide efficient
production of the country.
In addition, a mechanism
contributing to the development of the competitiveness of the food processing
industry AIC RK. You can offer the following:
- Leasing of equipment
from the state budget for the food processing industry at subsidized rates to
the deferred payment up to 8-10 years;
- Preferential interest
rates of bank credit for working capital for the purchase of agricultural raw
materials;
- Develop a network of
pieces of agricultural products in remote areas;
- Encouraging the creation
of integrated structures with its own resource base, processing and marketing
of products;
- Bringing the technical
and technological standards of production and quality control in line with
international requirements;
- The adoption of
protective measures for imported products, the competitiveness of which is
caused by a significant state support of the importing countries (poultry and
others.);
- Increase of import
duties on the import of products in the RK group largely uncompetitive domestic
goods;
- Improvement and active
use of mechanisms of import quotas of food products in the country;
- Higher export tariffs
on the export of certain raw materials, lack of which is experiencing the
domestic processing industry.
Thus, the main measures
for the development of all sectors and spheres of agriculture, their
specialization, cooperation and agroindustrial integration are:
1) government incentives
to improve the technical equipment of production, creation of cooperative and
integrated structures in the agricultural sector, Ob-unifying agricultural
producers, processors, suppliers, agro services, marketing, information and
consulting and marketing.
2) the leasing of
equipment for agricultural enterprises and lower rates for lease payments;
3) reduction of interest
rates on loans of commercial banks;
4) improvement of
existing laws and regulations in relation to the modern requirements, including
taking into account the forthcoming accession of Kazakhstan to the WTO and
cooperation within the CIS, Customs and the Eurasian Economic Union;
5) addressing security
agribusiness personnel;
6) including agro
processing industries and agribusiness in information-marketing system of the
Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
7) the development of measures
of customs and tariff protection of domestic goods producers.
These measures will
ensure the development of specialization, cooperation and agroindustrial
integration as a fundamental factor in developing a highly competitive
agribusiness and food security of the country on the basis of technical and
technological re-equipment of enterprises, skills development, strengthening
linkages between all sectors and agribusiness, and improve production
efficiency in agro industrial complex.
References:
1. Aspirations AV A short
course of cooperation / AV Aspirations. - M: the Book Chamber, 1989. - 77 p.
2. AGRICULTURE
[electronic resource] / Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. Committee on Statistics.