Economic sciences/ 12. Agricultural economics

Getter Vakar Т.V., getter Kravchuk О.Y.

Vinnitsa National Technical University. Ukraine

Problems and prospects of rural development

The development of Ukraine in the post stage due to attempts to build an effective, socially oriented market economy. However, in the reform of the country faced with numerous problems of the agrarian society of socio-economic content. One such was the state of crisis in rural areas, which has lasted for quite a long period and sufficiently reflected in the literature.

It should be noted that among academics and practitioners predominant position rather critical assessment of the effects of domestic reforms in rural areas. Obviously, in this example, it can be argued on the implementation mostly negative scenario of market relations. Summarizing, the main adverse effects reform should be recognized: 1) extreme weakness and low dependence of local economies in rural communities who find themselves in a situation of absence due to agricultural and other businesses; 2) lack of state programs and regulations in general, which would significantly affect the status of rural communities in the reform process and the post-reform stage; 3) a destructive pattern of behavior vast majority of agents agrarian society groups who failed in most cases is obvious and would not adapt to market conditions. Thus, it comes as external and internal factors that have caused problems for content now. All other negatives - unemployment, depopulation, degradation of the rural population - were logical consequences thereof.

The literature indicated the importance of discussions on the feasibility of constructing the concept of rural development dilemma support communities or areas. As practice shows, are traditionally inclined to support the business area, while the government - community through social projects in education, medicine and others. This support program areas have always been less effective because often embodied in terms of political priorities. Maintaining the territorial approach prevailed until recently in the economically developed countries - the EU and the US. In practice, such programs are implemented through incentives to attract foreign capital through tax and financial incentives, improved infrastructure, new institutions, and service organizations, etc. This process is often observed uneven distribution of wealth, when smaller or less attractive rural areas received less respectively.

These risks are greatly amplified in countries with transition economies because of the stronger corruption, political influence, and less possibility of such programs where scarce resources are distributed less fairly and effectively. International experience indicates that organizations and institutions that are based communities provide better meet the needs rather than the government or the market.

Opinion necessary reorientation towards support programs of the communities have proliferated in XX-XXI centuries. Again, the US and the EU, said the concept of rural development through community was seen primarily as a means of opposition to big capital The basis of this support is a set of tools that promote primarily the preservation and concentration of ownership, management, effective use and control of resources on the part of communities. Hence - the basis of the concept of rural development based on keeping communities by using local resources - so-called "Asset-based approach."

When community resources refers to the means of the community endowed with quality properties that are necessary for the production of other resources and can be used to achieve specific goals identified communities and meet the needs of the environment. Potential community (natural, human, physical, financial, social) - a potential resource use, arising in the course of their interaction; potential community here - it's integral display the current and future opportunities to transform existing community resources into economic benefits as a result of productive activity for maximum satisfaction of the interests of the community and society.

The assets of the community - a collection of resources involved in certain activities of which are expected to effect or benefits to meet the goals of the community is assets - this advanced capability (signs assets of the community - accountability community use in economic activities of the community, the expectation effect, benefit in the future ). Capital community to be understood as any assets that are capable of producing additional resources. That capitalization of assets of the community is in the process of investing to create new resources.

Of particular note is that the resources and assets of rural communities are limited, while its capacity and capital - no. This system of the local economy, which is able to maximize its potential and capital becomes the primary determinant value, because its potential to increase the efficiency of essentially unlimited ..

Thus, the model of rural development post-industrial society is much the role of non-economic factors that determine a related and development, making it unique. The basis of the above, in our opinion, is a conflict of priorities - especially market and institutional - development of Ukrainian agrarian society in the reform process.

The special nature of the market reform of the agricultural sector due to the unique influence of the ratio of both economic and non-economic factors. Ukraine's experience is clearly confirmed. This is due to the effectiveness of market reform, among other prerequisites, the ability to account and exploit the potential of non-economic factors. Seems urgent adjustment reforms on the basis of specific differentiation status of rural communities. This principle seems essential and the implementation processes of valid and real decentralization.

We agree with the common opinion that the economic fate of the Ukrainian village will be determined primarily by creating new dynamics of full employment. The conceptual basis of such fundamental mechanisms seen combination of economic and social development priorities, which is compulsory for each implementation unique rural area factors of competitive advantage.

Thus, all the above can be represented in a tag potentially promising Ukrainian role towards the development of rural communities, which laid the basis for the unique competitive advantage of territories and local economies. The above concept of a new ideology of rural development can be defined as a policy of "internal development" and can be displayed in accordance with the following principles:

1. Economically justified socialization of business in rural areas.

2. Fundamentally new role of local communities and comunnity organizations.

3. Targeting the real situation and potential of rural areas using unique in any case competitive advantage.

4. The new formula of cooperation "state - business - local community - comunnity organizations" with new features, rights mechanisms of influence for each group of agents; State support only within this ideology of development.

5. Multi-model rural development and rural businesses.

6. Fundamentally new role of internal capital for the community because of the use of unique competitive advantages of each rural area.

7. Targeting postindustrial economic factors: first new marketing technologies that will have a fashion, informative, logistics verification.

8. Investment trust, innovative content to the local rural economy.