Медицина/9. Гигиена и эпидемиология

MPH A.S. Nurbayev, Doctor of Medical Science S.K. Nurbayev

Kazakhstan school of public health

Research Center of hygiene and epidemiology

Environment contamination by priority xenobiotics and the condition of the immune status at children with the chronic tonsillitis in THE Aral region

Sanitary and ecological conditions in the Aral region continue to worsen. There is a further desertification of a climate. In these conditions long-term use of pesticides in an agriculture and water supply of settlements due to the Syr-Darya river has led to environment and food stuff contamination. Alongside with it a level of diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs, blood and blood organs, the tuberculosis and the cancer of a esophagus, and also the mortality and physical invalidity has increased by 2-15 times for the last 10-15 years and some scientists connect its growth with environment contamination and decrease in immune system of human organism. However research studies on the risk assessment for immune system of the population were not carried out due to the environment contamination in the Aral region.

The goal of the study is hygienic and ecological estimation of the level of environment contamination by the priority xenobiotics and the study of the concentration of natural (normal) antibodies in serum of children with the chronic tonsillitis living in the zone of ecological catastrophe in the Aral sea region.

Results of the multipart hygienic and ecological environment estimation of biogeocenosis of the bottom current deltas of river Syr-Darya testify that drinking water, ground, rice, vegetables, bread, meat and milk products are most polluted by priority heavy metals and chlorine organic pesticides. So, the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Zn and Cu) exceeded allowable threshold limit by 1,6 - 3,8 times in soils of the Aral and the Kazalinsk areas of the Kyzylorda region at approximately identical distribution. Excess of allowable threshold limit of cadmium by 2,4 - 4,3 times is revealed in drinking water. The concentration of lead and cadmium were approximately identical and by 1,5 - 2,2 times exceeded allowable threshold limit in meat products and a fish. Excess of allowable threshold limit of metals were marked in vegetables by 1,8 - 2,9 times, and in grain products by 1,9 - 3,2 times.

Priority chlorine organic pesticides are identified in milk and sour-milk products with prevalence in a spectrum of α-gexachlorinecyclogexan and excess of maximum allowable level up to 4,3 times. At the same time the concentration of pesticides were more equal and did not exceed allowable threshold limit in grain products and rice. All investigated pesticides are determined in drinking water, vegetables and meat products with a maximum in a spectrum of γ - and β- gexachlorinecyclogexan, and its average concentration also did not exceed allowable levels. It is necessary to note the presence of DDT and its DDE metabolite in all investigated objects of an environment and foodstuffs.

Levels of contamination of foodstuffs and objects of the environment vary from "weak" to "moderate" in the investigated areas of the Kyzylorda region. The zone of ecological accident in Aral region should be counted as "dangerous" to health of the population based on a degree of pollution of environment objects and foodstuffs.

Direct and passive gem agglutination reactions with rabbit and ram erythrocytes, with erythrocytes tests of staphylococcus aureus and epidermalis; with M-17, 026 and 055 strains of Eshirichia coli had been used for research of the concentration of natural antibodies in serum of sick children with chronic tonsillitis. All antigenic reagents have been prepared in the laboratory of immunology of the Research Center of hygiene and epidemiology. The concentration of Ig antibodies of A, M, G classes of humoral immunity were determined by the turbodymetrical analysis method.

Decrease in a level of heterogemagglutinins to ram erythrocytes is established as -lg2 ± Slg = 3,0 ± 0,55 in comparison with a level of antibodies in donors. The levels of the antirabbit antibodies (-lg2 ± Slg = 4,2 ± 0,55) did not differ from normal ones. Analysis of staphylococcus aureus and epidermalis specific antibodies revealed reliable reduction of antibodies level in comparison with normal (-lg2 ± Slg = 3,2 ± 0,37 and -lg2 ± Slg = 7,1 ± 0,89 respectively). Reduction in antieshirichia antibodies level was marked in serum of the observed persons in comparison with a level of antibodies in donors (M-17-lg2 ± Slg = 3,0 ± 0,24; 026-lg2 ± Slg = 2,7 ± 0,43; 055-lg2 ± Slg = 3,0 ± 0,30).

It is established, that level of IgM comes nearer to the inferior border of normal concentration (0,9 ± 0,042 g/l) in a person with chronic tonsillitis. Level of IgA is reduced (0,3 ± 0,21 g/l), and level of IgG is raised in relation to normal in patients (31,5 ± 7,36 g/l).

In general decreasing in a level practically of all types of natural antibodies and antibodies of A and M classes was revealed in examined children. It shows formation of significant dysfunction of immune system, especially T-helpers of 1 type with impairment of antibodies producing that was clinically expressed in formation of the chronic focus of infection (tonsillitis) in them.

The results of complex hygienic, ecological and immunological estimations of environment quality have allowed to develop system of actions for improvement of the living environment and health state of children of the Aral region.

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