Biological sciences/introdaction

The study of the introduction of varieties of

sweet almonds in Southern Kyrgyzstan

Bolotova A. S . , Коjоbеkоv Т.M

Junior Researcher Institute Nut and fruit crops, senior teacher of Jalal-Abad state University, Kyrgyzstan

Abstract- This paper presents data on the introduction of varieties of sweet almonds in southern Kyrgyzstan, distributed three varieties of sweet almonds on timing of flowering, recommended 11 later blossoming sorts of almonds into production in Southern Kyrgyzstan.

Among the wild almonds special interest for breeding varieties of sweet almonds are Amygdalus communis and A. Vavilovii ordinary, among which there are two forms: Amygdalus dulcis var. amara and Amygdalus dulcis var. dulcis (bitter and sweet) [Ohoba E.N., 1980]. The plantings of the Almond ordinary are located not complitly, but strewn small circle. In general, the harvest of the natural plantings of the almond dominate the fruits with bitter kernel, with sweet kernel meet seldom, majority of them with thick shell, which output kernel varies from 25 before 30%. [Bolotov S., 2005]. Thanks to the exceptionally rapid growth in the first years of life and deep penetration of root system, undemanding to soil and moisture, early entry at the time of fruiting almonds is one of the most promising species for commercial dry-nut and indispensable for reclamation of arid foothills areas [K.Ahmatov, 1976].

Materials and methods of investigation

Natural almond plantation in southern Kyrgyzstan in 1964 were studied V.E. Ozolin. According to D.I. Prutenskogo and A.A. Zaikina [1958] quality fruits of some wild forms almond do not differ much from the cultural almonds and deserve wide spread [Ozolin V.E., 1966]. According to the researchers, who studied almond [D.I. Prutensky and A.A. Zaikina, 1958, M.G. Pakhomova, 1961], point out that in the wild it grows on the southern slopes with gravel soil. According to the observations, V.E. Ozolin almonds naturally forced settles in more stringent conditions to avoid competition for moisture from the herbaceous vegetation and other species. For the first time since 1976 work on introduction and sort studies sweet almonds in condition northern Kyrgyzstan for reception to not only fruit productivity and of the effect in defensive afforestation was begin under the direction of candidate of the biological sciences A.S. Bulychev in supporting point Sary-Bulak, Zhailisk district. Since 1986, this work was continued in the South of Kyrgyzstan, also under the direction of candidate of the biological sciences Bulycheva and candidate of the agricultural sciences S. Bolotov on supporting points Ak-Terek (1747 meter under the sea) - 1 ha, Kurmaydan (1300 meter under the sea) - 2 hectares, Zharadar (1200 meter under the sea) -1 hectare, Colmo (1100 meter under the sea) -10 ha, Arboretum (Dendropark) (769 meter under the sea) - 0.5 hectares and Kara-Bulak (900 meter under the sea) - 0.60 hectares. Total of more than 18 hectares of industrial plantations. A supporting point of "Kolmo" Suzak district, the Collector's garden has been tested 19 varieties of sweet almonds imported from the Crimea, Uzbekistan and the United States [Bolotov S., 2006].

Results and Discussion

In supporting point of "Kolmo" tested 19 varieties introduced from the Crimea, Uzbekistan and the United States. The exotic species in Southern Kyrgyzstan perfectly grow and bear fruit. However on the generative development early flowering sorts negative influence render the late spring and early autumn frosts. Found that the air temperature is below - 20 ⁰ C affects the overwintering buds flowering almond. Short duration temperature below -20⁰C

-23⁰C to damage more than 50% of generative buds, and a lower lead to their total destruction, even if the kidney is in a state of deep rest [Shevchenko V.S., Svettsih V.I., 1998].

Based on the study of phenology development, introduced varieties in terms of flowering were divided into 3 groups: early flowering sorts: Spicy, Bumazhnoskorlupoy, Attractive, Bostandykskiy; average flowering sorts: F-1710, Dessert, Cosmic, Beautiful, Nonpareli, Texas. Late flowering sorts: Crimea, Nikitskiy late, Late, Predgorny, Gurzufskiy, Seaside, Full-fledged, Nikitskiy 2240, Nikitskiy 62, Hardy, Krupnoplodnyy . Duration of flowering is 10-13 days. Ripening fruits in early flowering almond varieties begins in mid-August, the average flowering sorts in late August, and late flowering sorts –in September 10 and continues 14-16 days.

Conclusion

The determining factor for the development of generative buds almond recognized magnetization ensure their warmth. The amounts of active temperatures from 2900⁰ to 3400⁰ C, the growing period of mass flowering to ripening, the climatic conditions of the South of Kyrgyzstan are the most favorable for the cultivation of a late bloomers almond. There may be a number of promising srednetsvetuschih almond varieties, but only when placing them in the lower zone of this species in southern Kyrgyzstan (700-1000 meter under the sea) [Shev- chenko V.S., Svettsih V.I., 1998 ].

To create of elite-uterine almond orchards, we recommend the following 11 varieties, which have proven to be high yielding varieties in Southern Kyrgyzstan from here we tested 19 sorts: Crimean, Nikitskiy late,Late, Predgorny, Gurzufskiy, Seaside, Full-fledged, Nikitskiy 2240, Nikitskiy 62, Hardy, Krupnoplodnyy .

One of the way to create almond forest-gardens plays the main role of the fruit-growing gardens in Kyrgyzstan.

Therefore, one of the best technologies of plantation of sweet almond is terracing hillsides and planting seedlings, and sowing seeds of bitter almonds on a constant followed by budding eyed varieties of sweet almonds.

Literature

1. Ohoba E.N. Wild almonds Kyrgyzstan. Frunze, Publishing House of the "Ilim". 1980.

2. Bolotov S., A. Bolotova. Prospects for the creation of industrial plantations of almond in southern Kyrgyzstan / / Bulletin JAGU/ 2005/3. -p. 45- 49.

3. Akhmatov K.A. Adaptation of trees to drought. Frunze. 1976.

4. Prutensky D.I., Zaikina A.A., Almond (Amygdalus communis L) in southern Kyrgyzstan. Proceedings of the Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR, vol. III, Alma -Ata. 1958.

5. Pakhomova M.G. Almonds Uzbekistan. Tashkent, Izd Uzb.SSR. 1961.

6. Bolotov S., A. Bolotova Growth and introduced varieties of sweet almonds. / / Bulletin JAGU, 2006/3. -p. 19-21.

7. Shevchenko V.S., Svettsih. VI Section "Almond". //Guidelines for the implementation of varieties and agronomic forms of walnut, pistachio and almond sweet on typological basis in industrial Walnut Southern Kyrgyzstan walnut forests and protection of key pests and diseases / /. Jalal-Abad. 1998.