Экономические науки / 14. Экономическая теория

Doctor of Economics, professor Dinar R. Sikhimbayeva

Karaganda economic university, Kazakhstan

PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

It is known, the science is a special sphere of research of processes of the purposeful human activity, based on receiving and development of new knowledge and their use for the solution of economic tasks.

Form of existence and development of science is scientific research. Research activity - the activity directed on receiving and application of new knowledge.

In the KR law "About Science" of 2011 more detailed characteristics of categories science, the research activity, basic or applied scientific researches are given.

Basic elements of scientific research:

1. Relevance of a subject of research.

2. Degree of importance of a problem at the moment and in the current situation for the solution of the vital issues and tasks.

3. The review of literature has to lead the reader to a conclusion that this subject isn't opened yet (or is opened partially or not in that aspect) and therefore needs further development.

4. Statement of the purpose and tasks. The formulation of the purpose which is logically following from the depicted situation which have developed in science on a subject, has to be the most accurate and short, and also full and logically correct. The formulated overall objective of research makes its strategy and therefore demands statement of specific objectives which are designated in the form of transfer:

- to study...

- to investigate …;

- to develop …;

- to prove …;

- to develop the mechanism, etc.

The problems set in introduction consistently are solved in the main part of the text therefore often formulations of tasks coincide or nearly coincide with names of heads or paragraphs of the main part.

At the instruction on object and an object of research it is necessary to differentiate these concepts accurately. The object and object of research as categories of scientific process correspond among themselves as the general and private.

5. Object of research in economic science - a certain area of reality (natural or social) on which process of scientific knowledge is directed.

6. Object of research in economy - the most significant relations or processes of objective reality, property, the party, the characteristic, feature of object which are subject to direct studying or which knowledge is especially important for the solution of this or that problem (theoretical or practical). The object of research defines a research subject.

7. The logic of a statement is an interrelation of structural elements of work.

8. Scientific novelty - the sign, which existence grants to the author a right to use concept "for the first time" at the characteristic of the results of the conducted research received by it as a whole. Scientific novelty is signs of the research which existence grants to the author a right to use concept "for the first time" at the characteristic of the results of the conducted research received by it as a whole. The concept "for the first time" means in science the fact of absence of similar results before their publication.

9. Main part. The main structural component of work is the main part which is devoted to disclosure, specification, the argument of basic provisions of the work expressed in introduction. Its separate paragraphs, heads or fragments have to correspond to separate provisions of the general concept. It is essentially important to observe subordination of the general subject of work, names of heads, paragraphs.

Names of paragraphs have to be formulated so that not to go beyond, outlined by the name of the chapter uniting them. Therefore, the subject has to be wider than the name of certain heads, and the name of heads – is wider than the name of each of paragraphs entering it.

The general maintenance of the main part has to correspond to a subject of research and serve as its exhaustive disclosure. In the text there shouldn't be nothing which hasn't been connected with an author's plan.

In the conclusion the researcher has to draw the accurate, compact conclusions corresponding to the tasks set in introduction, to formulate results of the supervision. Whenever possible it is necessary to specify also ways and prospects of further research of a subject, to depict tasks which else should be solved.

As all statement in the text is subordinated to the solution of one scientific problem, independence of each composite element are relative: any section of the scientific text carries out the task only in unity with others. In this regard the main idea and the problem of scientific work formulated in introduction in a general view, then are developed in the main part: are disproved, proved, speak, are specified, etc.

Thus, the speech in essence goes about the developed variable repetitions in the main part of those thoughts that were for the first time stated in introduction.

Most often meeting mistakes and defects in scientific works:

1. Organizational problems (non-compliance with a procedure by the student of actions on preparation (carrying out) and representation of scientific work).

2. Organizational problems (non-compliance with a procedure by the student of actions on preparation (carrying out) and representation of scientific work).

3. The problems connected with illiteracy of registration of work (i.e. all set of the problems connected with reflection in work, represented on check (protection), results of scientific activity of the student.

4. The problems connected with pithiness of work (quality of the work carried out by the student on consideration of a studied subject, depth of the conducted scientific research).

5. Problems of scientific character of work (ability is competent (from the scientific point of view) to develop a problem, to structure the scientific knowledge, to state a material, to use information sources, etc.).

6. The problems connected with the scientific and practical importance of work (possibility of application of development of the author, level of a demand of the work done by the author and level of its practical application).

7. The problems connected with representation and protection of scientific works (protection of scientific work – is representation of its results, with justification of its importance and ability to prove an author's position).

Mistakes in justification of the scientific and practical importance of work.

1. Lack of justification of relevance of a subject of research.

To prove relevance - means to explain need of studying of this subject for a context of the general process of scientific knowledge. Relevance can consist in need of obtaining new data and need of check of new methods, etc.

Proving relevance of the chosen subject, it is necessary to specify why it and exactly at present is actual. It is desirable to shine briefly the reasons for which studying of this subject became necessary and that stirred it to disclosure earlier, in the previous researches.

Undoubted indicator of relevance is problem existence in the field researches.

Problem - the certain inconsistent situation demanding the permission. Permission of this contradiction is directly connected with practical need. It means that addressing to this or that problem, the researcher needs to present accurately, on what questions of practice results of its work can give the answer.

2. Absence of the analysis of a subject in available scientific and methodological sources.

It is necessary to do the review of works of predecessors, but only concerning the chosen subject, and at all on all problem as a whole. In such review there is no need to state also everything that became known to the researcher from read and that has only indirect relation to its work. But all a little valuable publications having direct and direct relation to a subject of work have to be called and critically estimated.

The short review of literature has to lead the reader to a conclusion that this subject isn't opened yet (or is opened partially or not in that aspect) and therefore needs further development.

Sometimes the beginning researcher, without finding in literature of necessary data available to it, makes bold to claim what exactly belongs to it the first word in the description of the studied phenomenon, however late it isn't confirmed.

Certainly, such responsible conclusions can be drawn only after careful and comprehensive study of references and consultations with the research supervisor.

3. Lack of a personal contribution (proposals) of the author and own opinion on a studied material. Works often carry abstract (descriptive), instead of research character.

4. Lack of debatable questions - it is impossible to be limited to a unilateral view of a problem, differently the problem disappears.

5. Lack of reflection of a look of the author on possibility of practical application of results of research.

6. Lack of novelty of analyzed data.

Thus, scientific novelty is a sign, or a number of the signs which existence grants to the author a right to use concept "for the first time" at the characteristic of the results of the conducted research received by it as a whole.