R. Aikenova, candidate of pedagogical sciences

KSMU, Karaganda, Kazakstan

PEDAGOGIC BASES OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE FORMATION DUE TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

В статье речь идет о процессе заимствования из английского языка группы слов латинского происхождения, которые являются основой для терминологических единиц медицины. Учитывая важную роль овладения латинским языком в медицинском вузе, разработано учебно-методическое пособие, имеющее интегративный характер. Применение информационно-коммуникационных технологий позволяет создавать гибкие учебные модули для формирования компьютерной лингвистической компетенции.

In the article is said the process of borrowing of group of words Latin origin from the English language, which are consider the basic for medical terminological. Taking into consideration the main role of learning of Latin language in Medical Higher School , was made educational-medical textbook, which has integrative character. The usage informational-technological gives opportunity to make flexible educational models for forming computer linguistically competention.

In teaching of students of medical higher schools it is necessary to know the international nomenclature and it must be taken into account the borrowed words met very often, especially from English language. The work with the use of computer makes more active the process of mastering of borrowed words. The neologisms of the latest years penetrate into the Russian language particularly from one source – from the English language, and the main reason of it is the development of market economy, new technologies, computer and information net. It follows and the necessity of intensification of borrowed words from the English language appears.

The process of borrowing occurs constantly, the example of it is materials from newspapers and journals, radio and television performances, oral speech of young people. Many works by B.T. Antonova, G.V. Rogova, T.N. Fomina, etc were devoted to the problem of borrowed English words. The condition contributing to the mastering of foreign word in the language is the communication actuality of that conception what is marked by this word. For example, summit, voucher, default, investment, sponsor, public relations, show, armwrestling, freestyle, etc.

Among the borrowings there is the group of words, the origin of which is necessary to seek from the times of penetrating of Latin words (vocabulary) into the Western European languages. So, according to the opinion of foreign linguists the more ancient signs of the Latin language in Britain are the names of cities with the component part – Chester, - caster or castle from the Latin castra “military camp” col (n) from colonia “settlement” for example, Manchester (Манчестер), Lincoln (Линкольн). The word “colonia” of the Latin origin came into English and Russia languages, preserving the phonetic aspect and lexical meaning.

The Latin language is one of the basic sources of enriching of the lexical fund of other languages. For example, “magister” (наставник), “potentia” (сила), “actio” (акция, действие), “veto” (налагать запрет), “genesis” (происхождение, развитие), “privatus” (частный), “status” (состояние, положение). As seen from the given examples, this group of words of primordial Latin origin, perceptible as unproductive bases is shaped due to the word building models of the Russian language. The case of borrowing was described by us in some articles. In the investigation of borrowings special attention is given to the group of latinisms, serving as the base for the terminological unit of medicine, composing a large part of professional vocabulary. Educational-methodical text-book “Texts and exercises for individual work on the Latin language”, having integrative character with due regard for this important role of the Latin language at medical high school was worked out by us.

The purpose of the automized teaching system on the Latin language is the expansion of passive vocabulary of students, the formation of reading skill of special literature was composed by us. The aim of the text book is to help the students overcome the difficulties connected with learning of grammar of the Latin language.

As a rule, borrowing and usage of foreign words is often connected with the tendency to specialization of notion in different spheres, for example the pairs of types distonia instead of disturbance, notion instead presentation; in the field of anatomy, physiology pediculosis in stead of lousiness, cancer instead of carcinoma and so on. In medicine these borrowings are proved from the point of view of ethnic norm. The necessity of knowledge of international nomenclatures by students of medical high school obliges a teacher to pay a great attention to their studying by using a computer in teaching of the language speciality.

One of the most problems of teaching of the Russian language at non-linguistic high educational school is namely a lack of knowledge of special terminology on special subject. Teaching programme on the base of ICT by the Russian and Latin languages is orientated to the reading of special literature contributing to the observation of latinisms and borrowed words, define the ways of their semantics, translation. More over the choice of textual material is of a great interest, intended for reading, the actuality of its problems, and capacity for automatic working.

Electronic terminologic dictionary and dictionary of frequent expressions worked by us included in educational-methodical text-book “Teaching texts and tasks on the Russian language for foreign students” with due regard for the expansion of proof of professional vocabulary, its stirring up to activity. Vocabulary is located in alphabetical order to lighten the search of necessary terms. The translation of terms with the help of teaching programme contributes to quicker mastering of special terms. The significance of educational text-book is to:

· offer students actual system of information about studied of subject field;

· contain vocabulary of medical terms and also vocabulary of appeared notions.

The experience of work of POEMC showed that computers would create favorable opportunity by studying of separate theme and for self-control of obtained knowledge, automatisation of mastered knowledge abilities and skills, in the organization of individual work of students. The system and expediency of usage of ICT is due to series of reason. At first, high level of speech preparation is required to students of medical school for intercourse at educational scientific sphere. Secondly, in our opinion, medical speech is the most complicated among all the sublanguages at the disciplines, since majoring terminological units function in it; and that needs intensive work at the language at a specialty. The intensity is provided by computer technology.

Computer linguistic prepareness must vary in depends on the general level of a student, the degree of mastering a language specialization. The works of E.B. Kotsar, V.Y. Marusanov, Y.I. Motina, J.G. Proskuruakova are devoted to the questions of teaching a language of a specialty. The scientists underline, that when teaching a professional Russian language “pedagogical process in the functional plan appears as an activity proceeding at definite time of students” activity on mastering by them suggested strictly dosed, specially organized material a teacher’s activity on ruling it, i. e. the process of their interaction. The necessity of system formation of professional knowledge supposes thourough texts selection, organized in subject sequence. Scientific character, non-adaption, keeps not only in formational field, but logic of scientific thinking and language means of information transference serve as criteria of texts selection, and also criteria of professional direction. Specifics of forms of speech interaction in conditions of teaching a speciality are the essential distinctive sign of scientific style, also as its language peculiarities. Teaching a language of a specialty is, first of all, teaching forms of speech communication, in four of its kinds – auding, speaking, reading and writing.

According to the principles, of differerenciation speech teaching is constructed on the initial step with advantageous teaching of oral speech – auding and reading. The use of informational communicational and media technologies allows creating flexible academic modules for formation of auding skills (sound information), academic modules of texts for self-reading, texts for translation, media texts of authentic material, Internet are created when teaching reading. As, for example, when teaching texts reading about discoveries in medicine, medical workers, drugs, paralingual means of multimedia for demonstration of information witch the help of interface with program are used.

Computer teaching, multimedia systems have such important characteristics as orientation to vide-, audio-, or integral parameters of perception, since videorow maximally contributes to the information to be obtain and is the best for the purpose of teaching speech communication. A computer audio technology gives the opportunity to use (maximally) them when teaching professional lexics.

Specifics of our discipline include its activity base, that foresees the necessity of representation to each student. Sufficient practice in a corresponding kind of speech activity, in exercise on formation of corresponding skills. Studding to language is more effectively, as the scientist T.E. Voronkova confirms, if it is based on three basic laws:

· while mastering by any kind of speech activity it is necessary to be based on learning-motor skills. From here it is the importance of a, sound basis or in Network variant or on the basis of CD-ROM;

· mastering of nonnative language provides necessity of a support on the native language of trainees that provides conscious and consequently more durable learning;

· independence of chosen methodology of nonnative language studying it is necessary to construct the training so that the (make) system of learned language is formed in a trainee’s consciousness.

Work experience in this plan has shown that the basic information on medicine is mainly placed on English and some Russian sites that considerably complicates information search on native medicine. As creative works at the advanced stage it is offered to students to create electronic page with news of medicine, to design it, to place in the network. It contributes to the fixing not only linguistic skills, but also information-communicative, it gives the impulse for creative development, design decisions of professional knowledge. The special role is signified the acquaintance of students with our medical academy, life of its collective, known scientists and simply interest people. In an educational portal of academy there are electronic educational-methodical manuals, lectures, reports, information about new literature, multimedia manuals, scientific reviews and every possible database, the electronic catalogue of world web-resources on various questions of medicine and education.

We consider that training with use of Internet allows carrying out studies more productively, it offers huge opportunities, allows studying a material in any order at different levels of language mastering. The contents of the educational information are realized by means of the hypertext approach, and the interactive mode transforms process of training into co-activity of a teacher and a student.

Powerful means in training to Russian is the computer telecommunication which gives the opportunity of wide choice of net information resources. “The computer telecommunication – is the powerful means which transfers the process of studying”, - writes D. Higgins. The telecommunication in system of training – is e-mail, teleconferences, technologies of the hypertext, the multimedia means, and solving educational problems mainly for independent and collective work. They activate speech activity of students; allow realizing the received computer, linguistic skills, study to speak coherently, without strain, at a natural pace, without long pauses for the search of linguistic forms. One of the main is “to know when to speak, when not to speak, with whom; when, where and what manner”.

Telecommunications and Internet service are effectively used for interactive consulting assistant, carrying out of feedback.

The pedagogical essential principles, which guarantee effectiveness and quality of the computer linguistic competence formation, are:

· realization of the linguodidactic principles of the Russian language teaching in an audience speaking another language with the use of ICT;

· the combined application of traditional, optimal and modern information-communicative methods;

· the theory of personal-oriented training on the basis of the individualization and differentiation of the process of teaching and education;

· the theory of the perception of the world by an individual and his interpretation of the realized understanding of reality;

· studying of the didactic opportunities of the use of in the teaching of the Russian language, as foreign one, and conditions of its effective application at the formation of the computer linguistic competence;

· determination of the role and the contents of the electronic training facilities of the Russian language in the pedagogical system, its role and place;

· determination of the system of the complex tasks and exercises in the formation of computer linguistic competence;

· determination of the role of the independent work of a student and the independent work of a student with a teacher at teaching of the Russian language with the use of ICT;

· guaranteeing of the reliable system of the feedback, efficient separation of the objects and the methods of the control taking into account the forms of the speech activity.

Reference:

1. Антонова Б.Т. Психологические особенности адаптации иностранных студентов к условиям жизни и обучения в Москве // Вестник ЦМО МГУ имени М. Ломоносова, 1998.- ч.1.- 3 с.

2. Рогова Г.В., Рабинович Ф.М., Сахарова Т.Е. Методика обучения иностранным языкам в средней школе. – М.: Просвещение, 1991. – 204 с.

3. Мотина Е.И. Язык и специальность: лингвометодические основы обучения русскому языку для студентов-нефилологов. – М.: Русский язык, 1983. – 170 с.

4. Higgins John. Learning with a Computer. Teaching and Teacher, Modern English Publications, 1984, p. 83-67.