THE
INFLUENCE OF HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES ON ENVIRONMENT AND LIVING THINGS
Saspugayeva
G.Y., Khanturin M.R., Beysenova R.R.
gulnur.er@mail.ru
Eurasian
National University named after L.N. Gumilev
Introduction.
Pollution of environment, connected with intensive
industry and, as a result, declination of health of nation – one of the biggest
problems of modern age. For Kazakhstan, where Baikonur is situated, problem of
environment pollution with rocket fuel and its components is very up-to-date.
Results of complex expedition researches of Russia and Kazakhstan, carried out
in places of fall of residual parts of space rockets showed the presence of
1,1-nitrozodimetylamine and its oxidation products in soil, water and plants
with concentration higher than maximum allowable. Number of authors showed,
that in the result of spilling and spreading of such components of rocket fuel
as unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, its derivatives (dimethylamine, tetramethyltetrazen, nitrosodimethylamine) and other highly toxic compounds, in the widest territories around
polygons plants and animals die, health of population become worth. Very often
population uses the fragments of space
rocket for private economic needs, which is the great menace for their health
too. However, a lot of questions about such influence are opened till today. [1]
Also
in oil deposits of the Republic of Kazakhstan quantity of vanadium in different
parts of Prikaspiysky region is changed 0,3 to 300 g/t of oil in the
oil of Buzachi peninsula of West Kazakhstan quantity of vanadium as porphyrinic
complex can reach 2800 mg/kg [2, 3].
Development of metallurgy of vanadium and metallurgy of alloy steel,
growth of usage of oil fuel in power plants and in engineering, increased usage
of intraurban transport with diesel engines – all this is connected with
possibility
In connection with this, the question about
influence of high concentration of vanadium on the organism of human and animal
is very up-to-date today.
In our previous researches we
found decreasing of crude protein in blood plasma of rats after influence of
derivatives of hydrazine and vanadium oxide [5]. This research is directed to clarifying of reasons of this
decreasing.
The aim of research was the
studying of influence of derivatives of hydrazine and vanadium oxide on
redistribution of plasma protein between blood and lymph and change of
hemodynamic parameter, caused by this.
Blood is the main life environment, its quality
influence all the processes, proceeding in organs and cells. In defects of
blood quality, primarily hemoconcentration, acidulation, increase of
cholesterol level and others, the main transport function of blood is made
difficult, which leads to defects of redox process in all the organs and
tissues, including brain, liver, kidneys, and so on. Blood quality must be supported in the limits of optimal
homeostasis.
In majority of
cases, albumen, circulating in blood, is excreted through kidneys, gasrtointestinal
tract and goes to the third space – tissues or serous sac, including pleural
sac and abdominal cavity. Decreasing os albumen synthesis by liver cells in the
conditions of severe hepatic impairment is the frequent reason of
hypoalbuminemia as well. Starvation or poor nutrition cause hypoalbuminemia much
more seldom.
Almost always the
reason of hypoglobulinemia is the loss of globulin through gasrtointestinal
tract; as a rule, in this time albumen is lost as well, and together this
causes the progress of panhypoproteinemia.
Also it is known that the reason of thick blood is
lack of vitamins and minerals, such as lecitin, vitamin C, zinc, selenium and others,
which take part in process of production of hormones and ferments. Such lack can be resulted by poor work of
liver, which is the main biochemical laboratory of organism and needs regular
on-time cleaning. This is connected with constant hard work. Especially when we talk about people, who eat canned,
smoked, meat, salty and sweet food, and who are under hard labour conditions
and poor environment. [3,4].
Materials and methods: Blood sampling for
biochemical analysis was made in the morning on an empty stomach, from carotid
artery. Crude protein in blood plasma and lymph was defined by biochemical
analyser Screen Master REF UHD 113 by biuret
method with usage of diagnostic kit of “Agat” company. Contractive activity of
thoracic duct flow of rats was examined according to common method. [6]. For isolated smooth muscle preparations of rats there
was used Krebs: рН - 7,4 with temperature
+37° С. Nutrient solutions oxigenated
with gas mixture: 95 % О2 and 5 % СО2. Spontaneous contractive activity was registered in
personal computer in program СИ++. All the results
of experiments were treated with the usage of criterion of Student [7].
Results and discussion: In
acute intoxication with nitrosodimethylamine, quantity of crude protein in
blood plasma is decreased on 49,05% (P<0,01), in lymph it is increased four
times (P<0,001), volume of blood plasma is decreased on 24% (P<0,05). In
acute intoxication with isonicotinic acid hydrazide quantity of crude protein
in blood is decreased on 42,1% (P<0,01), in lymph it is increased on 51,7% (P<0,001), volume of plasma is
decreased on 23,4% (P<0,05). In acute intoxication with phenylhydrazine,
crude protein in blood is decreased on 21,02%, in lymph it is increased on 55,4%
(P<0,001), volume of plasma is decreased on 29,6% (P<0,01). In acute
intoxication with hydrazine sulphate quantity of crude protein in blood is
decreased on 26,2% P<0,05), in lymph it is increased on 44,8% (P<0,05), volume
of plasma is decreased on 17,3%.
This shows the
transition of plasma protein into interstitial tissue, may be it is connected
with increasing of permeability of capillary paries and with influence of
hydrazine on peptide bonds of polypeptides, which improves the migration of
protein particles from blood channel to lymph. It is known that hydrazines react with all the amino acids,
excluding C-terminal amino acid, whose carboxyl group does not participate in
organization of peptide bond.
In chronical intoxication with nitrosodimethylamine quantity
of crude protein in blood is increased on 21,5%, isonicotinic acid hydrazide -
increasing on 58% (P<0,05), phenylhydrazine – increasing on 14,91% (P<0,05),
hydrazine sulphate – increasing on 54% (P<0,001). Quantity of crude protein
in lymph of animals that were chronically intoxicated by hydrazines was
increased in intoxication with NDMA on 72,08% (P<0,01), decreased in
intoxication with isonicotinic acid hydrazide on 63,84% (P<0,001), was
increased in intoxication with phenylhydrazine on 56% (P<0,001), with hydrazine sulphate it was edged in
comparison with control group. It is known that lymphatic system favors the
regulation of plasma volume by handing back of proteins from tissues into
lymph. With the aim of studying of influence of hydrazine on drainage function
of lymphatic system, we carried the experiments with the registration of
contractive activity of thoracic duct flow of rats, sacrificed to acute and
chronical intoxication with hydrazine derivatives.
In chronical intoxication of animals with NDMA we can observe decreasing
of frequency of spontaneous beating on 17,25% (p<0.001) and decreasing of
amplitude of spontaneous beating on 46,39% (p<0.001). These data show, that
in intoxication of thoracic duct flow with NDMA, lymph drainage function is
suppressed. In chronical intoxication of animals with isoniaside we can observe
decreasing of frequency of spontaneous beating on 10,8% (p<0.05) and
decreasing of amplitude of spontaneous beating on 21,8% (p<0,001). This
decreasing is insignificant, that lets to suggest the insignificant influence
of isoniaside on thoracic duct flow. In chronical intoxication of animals with
phenylhydrazine we can observe suppression of spontaneous beating of thoracic
duct flow: frequency is decreased on 45,5%
(p<0.001), and amplitude is decreased on 36,1% (p<0,01). This leads to
idea about significant combativeness of this substance onto thoracic duct flow,
and, consequently, suppression or stop of lymph flow along the vessel. In
chronical intoxication of animals with hydrazine sulphate we can observe
decreasing of frequency of spontaneous beating on 54,4% (p<0.001) and
decreasing of amplitude of spontaneous beating on 20,7% (p<0,01). This shows
the high combativeness of hydrazine sulphate onto thoracic duct flow.
Apparently, in
action of hydrazines there takes place the increasing of vascular permeability
for protein, which can be decided according to decreasing of concentration of
crude protein in blood plasma and its increasing in lymph, decreasing of volume
of blood plasma by hematocrit. Such significant modifications in level of
plasma volume can be the result of blood thickening due to significant
decreasing of crude protein in plasma, and, consequently, its increasing in interstitial
space.
All written above
lets make the conclusion, that under the influence of hydrazine there takes
place the accumulation of protein and liquid in interstitial space and in
lymphatic system due to suppression of transport ability of lymph vessels, and,
as a result, decreasing of concentration of crude protein and liquid in blood,
that leads to the blood thickening.
We discovered such
modifications in content of crude protein in blood plasma with simultaneous
suppression of contractive activity of thoracic duct flow in the action of
other toxicants as well – vanadium oxide, mercuric acetate, sodium arsenide, copper
sulfate, ferrum sulfate, cobalt sulphate, zinc sulfate [8-10]. Apparently, this
is a general mechanism of influence of ecotoxicants on the protein balance of
organism.
References
8. Chigarkin A.V.
Geoecology of Kazakhstan. Almaty: Сanat, 1995.-160p.