The doctoral candidate of PhD, ZH.S. Bulkhairova
Management chair, Kazakh Agro Technical
University of S.Seifullin, Kazakhstan
Economic assessment of human
capital management in Kazakhstan agrarian sector
The
agricultural economic sector is the main industry not only to ensure food security in Kazakhstan,
but also for sustainable economic growth, because villages are the source of
growth human resources for all economic sectors [1]. In modern conditions of economic development the person is not only objective, but
also a resource for social and economic development. The resource is important,
growing, which is able to take one of the most important place among the other development
factors.
Today human
capital as an investment becomes as important as basic capital, technology,
that speaks about human values as economic capital. Human capital is the foundation;
the base being formed in modern world, including Kazakhstan, innovation economy
and knowledge society. This understanding its role is growing all over the
world and there is a gradual reversal of policy towards the world to strengthen
and increase human potential. Thus, human capital becomes the core axis around
which revolves the most other factors of business transformation [2].
At the
present moment, it is possible to allocate the following definitions of human
capital:
-The
human capital is formed as the result of investments and the accumulated human
knowledge, abilities, skills, motivations, skills and health, which contributes
to promoting the growth of labor productivity and population's incomes.
The
human capital (HC) is a universal, independent component "production
process", which provides additional cost of the product, including:
biological aspects; social dimension; the economic aspect [3].
- The
human capital is intensive productive and social factor, which is accumulated
through investment in intellectual property, information equipment, labor and
livelihoods, education, training, knowledge, innovation and institutional
capacities, economic freedom, entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial
climate, science, culture and art, the safety and health of the population [4].
The
main elements of human capital include the following items: capital education,
including general and special knowledge; the capital of training on the work (qualifications,
skills, work experience); capital health; having economically relevant
information (for example, price, revenue; trends); capital migration to workers
mobility; motivation of labor activity.
Today
on socio-economic conditions of human capital development in the agrarian
sector can say the following:
- the
growth of the rural population occurred at 240,40 thousand people in 2012,
compared with 2008, while the total population in Kazakhstan during the same
period increased by 1101,57 thousand people (table 1);
-
increase of employment in rural area on 96 thousand people in 2012, compared
with 2008, but in the same year, a decline of employed population in
agriculture, forestry and fisheries on 195,6 thousand people (table 1).
Table 1 - Dynamics
of human capital development in the agrarian sector in Kazakhstan (thousand
people)
|
|
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
Absolution increase 2012 by 2008 yy. |
|
The employed rural
population |
3 800,40 |
3 790,90 |
3 873,80 |
3 892,30 |
3 896,40 |
96,00 |
|
Employed population in agriculture, forestry and fisheries rural
population |
2 369,70 |
2 326,40 |
2 294,90 |
2 196,10 |
2 174,10 |
-195,60 |
|
Rural population |
7 305,57 |
7 319,45 |
7 383,66 |
7 466,70 |
7 545,97 |
240,40 |
|
The total population in Kazakhstan Republic |
15
572 |
15
982 |
16
203 |
16
440 |
16
673 |
1 101,57 |
|
The share of rural population in total population, % |
46,92 |
45,80 |
45,57 |
45,42 |
45,26 |
-1,66 |
Source:
compiled by the author based on the data of the statistics agency in Kazakhstan
According to data of the statistics agency in Kazakhstan
[6] in 2012, compared with 2008, it is a reduction in the share of wage workers
in agriculture (hunting and forestry) from 676,0 to 653.2 thousand persons,
i.e. by 22.8 thousand people. Also during this period, it is a decrease of
employed population in farms from 387,3 to 347,4 thousand people in Kazakhstan,
where the relative growth is 0,90 in 2012, compared with 2008. Self-employed
people in agriculture, forestry and fisheries decreased by 140,8 thousand
people in 2012, compared with 2008. In relation to the number of the unemployed
population in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, it is a decrease by 8.2
thousand respectively for the studied period.
Thus,
modernization in the agricultural sector increases the degree of intensity and
tension labor in the agricultural organizations, which significantly improves
the quality requirements the human capital. At the moment in Kazakhstan farms
growth has been observed load the resource potential for human capital an
average of almost 2 times in 2012, compared with 2008. For example, if you take
the index - average annual employee's gross output in agriculture is in 2012
compared to 2008, the increase in 1,88 (can say almost in 2 times). That is,
despite the crisis and other various symptoms, still in agriculture, namely in
farms it is growing.
Therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of agrarian sector in economy
is possible only on condition, in which formed a sufficient high level of human
capital and its effective usage [5]. The
development human capital requires constant and volume cost. The share
of domestic expenditure on research and development in Kazakhstan to GDP
amounted 0,17% in 2012 and decreased absolute increase on 0.05% in comparison
with 2008. As for domestic expenditure on agriculture, the growth dynamic in
2012 (5018,4 KZT million) compared with 2008 (2 620,2 million tenge), namely,
the absolute increase is 2398,2 million tenge. That is, there is a need to
increase domestic expenditures on research and development in order to further
improvement and development of human capital in Kazakhstan.
So, to
ensure the full human capital development it is possible, on the one hand, only
when a significant level of living, and on the other, it is the high level life
creates favorable conditions for the human capital development and its further
improvement. And only the high level of human capital development is able to
create conditions for further economic growth and competitiveness of the
country, the growth of rural life quality in the conditions of modern trends
and the world requirements. To solve these problems it is necessary to ensure
the effectiveness of the implementation system (human resources management),
namely: investment in human capital development in rural areas; increasing the
competitiveness of agricultural producers and, consequently, their
profitability; to ensure sustainable development in rural areas; reduce the
level of unemployment in rural areas; increase the life quality in rural
residents.
The list of the used
literature:
1. Карнаухов
Е. В. Повышение качества человеческого капитала в агропромышленном комплексе
России как способ повышения качества жизни сельского населения / Е. В.
Карнаухов // Молодой ученый. — 2011. — №4. Т.1. — С. 151-153.
2. Сагадиев
К.А. Человеческий капитал и факторы роста в Казахстане,//Международная научная
конференция «Человеческий капитал в Казахстане: состояние и перспективы роста»,
- Астана, 2013
3.
Человеческий капитал Красноярского края: Форсайт-исследование – 2030//
Аналитический доклад; под ред. В.С.Ефимова. Красноярск: Сибирский федеральный
университет, - 2010,- 127 с.
4. Корчагин
Ю.А. Человеческий капитал и процессы развития на макро и микроуровнях//
Воронеж: ЦИРЭ,- 2004, - 122 с.
5. Каменева
К.П. Человеческий капитал аграрного сектора экономики: особенности оценки и
направления развития// Теоретический и научно-практический журнал «Вестник
ОрелГАУ», - №6(21), - декабрь 2009 г.- с.33-37.
6. Интернет
источник – официальный сайт Агентства Статистики РК: stat.gov.kz