Biological sciences / 3. Mycology and algology

Tarasova E.Y., Korosteleva V.P., Korosteleva T.V.

Kazan Cooperative Institute

APPLICATION OF CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS

Mycotoxin contamination of food is extremely urgent, it is an integral part of the global problem of pollution of the biosphere. Long-term studies like ours and abroad indicate that mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, are the most prevalent in the world of mycotoxins [3].

In the last decade, in Europe there is a trend to increased contamination of grains of T-2 toxin, which is one of the most toxic of trichothecene mycotoxins [1, 2].

According to our data promising in acute poisoning with T-2 toxin was the application of charcoal BAU-A and charcoal in combination with white clay and bran, which delayed the growth of clinical signs of toxicity, the survival rate in this case was 80 and 70%, respectively.

For a full understanding chelator studied the adsorption capacity of the different groups with respect to T-2 toxin experience predict in vitro, since it is one of the classic methods of screening substances to find potential adsorbent.

The first stage was conducted determination chelator absorbency at pH 7 and a temperature of 37-39 °C. The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity in a neutral medium at 37-39 ° C showed charcoal BAU-A, slightly smaller % sorption was observed in the same grade of coal in combination with white clay and bran, which is apparently due a lower sorption values for T-2 toxin added components.

Indicators of sorption from commercial chelator, such as Polysorb, Klinofid, Toksfin, Toksipol were at the level of 75,0-68,4%, with the highest rate in Polysorb. These chelators are the most common and widely advertised, which served as the basis for their use as reference drugs in our experiments. Since the pH in monogastric and ruminant gastrointestinal tract varies greatly in the transition from the proximal to the distal portion, it is important that a substance adsorbing mycotoxins could hold them in acidic and alkaline medium.

By reducing the pH to 2 almost all enterosorbents except charcoal BAU-A tendency to increase the adsorption capacity. This adsorption capacity at charcoal changing pH remained at 93.0%. After conducting studies to determine the% desorption (pH 8), it was established that the absence of chelator Polysorb and charcoal.

Due to environmental stress and the problem of obtaining new search sorbents, as well as the development of new technologies sorption is urgent. Of particular interest are the large-scale production, such as, for example, timber processing and resin industries [6]. This can be explained by two reasons. On one hand, technology manufactures these burdened significant waste. On the other - wood and its components, the natural compounds are the raw material for the sorbents, wherein the sorbent is a unique wood charcoal.

Charcoal is a nanoporous carbon adsorbent with a high internal surface area up to 1000 m²/g due to irregular channels (pores). Qualitative characteristics of the active carbon adsorption properties and are completely determined by its porous structure, which is a loose cells consisting of six-membered carbon rings are chemically linked with the carbon radicals, hydrogen and oxygen. The raw material for charcoal is charcoal BAU grade A, derived from solid hardwood trees, mainly birch. In the production of carbon adsorbents used steam activation of carbonaceous material, which comprises two steps pyrolysis and carbonization of raw material to form a porous carbonized material. Next, the activation of the latter oxidizing agent at high temperature. As the oxidant is steam. During activation of coal is removed from the surface resin foam, broken and removed, various organic residues and is closed micropores opening repositories angle [1]. In this case, the binding of a large number of toxic substances at the expense of non-specific van der Waals interactions [15].

A number of researchers has shown high efficiency of different carbon chelator for the treatment and prevention of T-2 mycotoxin animals. The main mechanisms of therapeutic action of carbon chelator is absorption of toxic substances falling outside the gastrointestinal tract, it should be borne in mind that in most absorbed by the intestinal mucosa toxic substances available for the action of carbon adsorbents for only 1-2 hours from the time poisoning [4]; absorption of toxins which diffuse into the lumen of the blood binding toxic substances emitted with the digestive juices [2, 25], the absorption of toxic metabolites (endogenous toxins) formed directly in the digestive tract, which is particularly important when the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium attenuated by a pathological process [5]; sorption diet modification, fixation and transfer to the surface of sorbents physiologically active substances (enzymes, bile acids, etc.), the change in volume of undigested residue and original properties of the intestinal contents, type is similar to the presence of fiber in it. Thus, the use of carbon enterosorbents at T-2 mycotoxin is a perspective that is both theoretical and practical justification.

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