Экономические науки/12.Экономика сельского хозяйства

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Vasylieva N.K.

Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University, Ukraine

Economic and mathematical training

of human resources of agriculture in conditions

of technogenic overloaded territories

Development of chemical and metallurgical industries, power engineering and transport, intensive mining in Ukraine results in the destructive technogenic overload of the natural landscapes, penetration of hard metals in the air, water, soil and plants. After the accident at Chernobyl APS, Ukraine has got the problem of radioactive pollution of its territories. Hereupon considerable fertile agricultural land became damaged, while Ukrainian population loses quality and ecological food products.

At the same time, non-natural agricultural technologies also carry harm to the environment by means of: use non-organic fertilizers and pesticides, superfluous pressure of agricultural technique on the fields, deep treatment of soil, loss of humus layer with the harvest, considerable area of arable land (in Step zone it comes to 90-95 %), that strengthens the processes of erosion and so on.

The central part of Ukraine and, in particular, its Donetsk-Dnepr region, has the most anthropogenic transferred landscapes. The agrarian sector of Dnipropetrovsk region belongs to the most powerful ones in our country. By the way it demonstrates the most economic stability in comparison with other fields of the national economy under the crisis conditions. So construction of mechanisms and instruments of balanced and stable development of agriculture at the technogenic overloaded territories enters in the circle of the actual problems of agrarian economy of both our region, and the entire state.

Results of productive-sale activity of an enterprise of any economic industry depend on perfection of development and realization of its plans at strategic, tactic and operative levels.

Strategic planning connects with the search of new competitive advantages for an enterprise, adequate reaction to the changes of the market state, implementation of new scientific and technical achievements, choice of financial resources.

Tactic planning specifies the given aims and tasks of economical activity and finds resources for their realization.

Operative planning is directed at performance of managing measures, built at strategic and tactic levels, and also carries on the control function on the actual productive and financial indexes of an enterprise at the determined in advance level.

Planning in agriculture at the technogenic overloaded territories becomes more important because of decrease of potential of natural resources and strengthened demands to production quality. Successful implementation of strategic, tactic and operative plans of an enterprise depends directly on qualification, labour productivity and innovative behavior of its human resources. Modern economic theory determines human resources as people’s non-material capital of an enterprise, because knowledge and abilities of workers could bring additional incomes. Only man is a powerful generator and creator of technological and management innovations, without that agriculture will not be able to work effectively in the conditions of the technogenic overloaded territories of Ukraine.

Balanced and stable development of agrarian sphere includes development of human resources by means of education, retraining and regular increase of the profile qualification. Quality of these processes grows, if agricultural enterprise works together with educational establishment, getting an access to the national and international achievements and directing future professionals at the practical realities. Economic block of human resources, including managers and marketing specialists, must know mathematical tools [1], which maintain effective planning and management of production and sale activity of agrarian enterprises.

Mathematical programming is powerful apparatus for planning of economic processes under restrictions about production resources and sale obligations. In particular, its most known models are linear, integer and generalized multi-criteria forms. Their presentation in spreadsheets MS Excel and OO Calc are the additional advantage in use of mathematical programming models. Receipt of quantitative characteristics of enterprise’s plan of work becomes substantially simpler. For example, it concerns determination of sown area in crop production or volumes of meat, milk in animal production in order to get the maximal income or minimal expenses.

Models of dynamic programming are appropriate to increase validity of regular management solutions in multi-steps economic processes of investment or technical maintenance.

Uncertain parameters of processes in agrarian economy in conditions of the technogenic overloaded territories of Ukraine are accounted by the theory of matrix game, which gives recommendations about the best management decisions even at the worst states of market or natural environments.

Optimization of activity in agrarian sphere is based on the principles of the modern ware-house and transport logistics. Knowledge of static and dynamic determine problems of inventory theory with or without deficits, tasks of distribution on a network, search of the maximal flow and the shortest way are the necessary and obligatory elements of economic and mathematical preparation of the agricultural managers.

Marketing specialists of agrarian sector must apply useful multichannel models of queuing with failure, limited or unlimited queues, which allow embracing the maximal circle of clients at minimum superfluous expenses.

Application of the given set of economic and mathematical developments shall support acceleration of desired balanced and stable modernization in Ukrainian agriculture by means of training qualified, modern, competitive specialists that are ready to work at the technogenic overloaded territories.

Literature.

1. Vasylieva N.К. Economic and mathematical modeling in agriculture : text-book / N.К. Vasylieva. – Dnipropetrovsk : Bila К.О., 2015. – 155 p. [In Ukr.]