#Сергеев
П. А. Environmental degradation and problems of global economic development
Economic Sciences/15. State regulation of economy
PhD Sergeev P.A.
Primakov National Research
Institute of World Economy
and International Relations,
Russia
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION AND PROBLEMS
OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
At the
end of the Summit of the G7 in Japan (ISE-SHIMA 2016 G7 SUMMIT), the leaders of
the G7 adopted a joint declaration May 27, 2016 and a number of documents,
which coordinated their action to ensure global economic growth, formed a
common position on combating international terrorism, corruption, as well as to
address a number of pressing international problems. Particular attention was
focused on the global economy, migration, trade, infrastructure development,
health, respect for women's rights, cyber-security, the fight against
corruption, climate and energy. And although the list of challenges has been
very extensive, and among them there were few items relating to establishing
clear benchmarks for the future [1], to ensure the sustainability of the
world's development in the context of global climate change.
So,
continuing to raise the level of the oceans, growing pollution Wednesday,
drought and desertification are complemented by the spread of chronic diseases,
the threat of pandemics, climate migration, reducing the capacity of the Office
of industrial and transport infrastructure in the growing scale of natural
disasters. In many regions of the northern hemisphere winter had (2015/2016),
and in some parts of the Arctic February was at 16° c warmer than normal. For
example, the temperature of the winter period in the most northerly permanent
settlement on the planet (Svalbard, Norway) was on average higher by 10° c, and
within 21 days from the December 21, 2015, it was above zero [2].
In turn
may 2016 was the warmest ever recorded, when the global average temperature
reached + 15.67° c, while the average a similar value for the 20th century
amounted to + 14.8° c. For example, in the Russian Arctic (Naryan-Mar) May 23,
2016 the air has warmed to + 27.5° c, while average daily maximum for this time
period is +5° c. This warming up in the Midland of Russia still had not been
reached! [3]. Very hot weather gradually
established and in Western and Eastern Siberia, where JUNE 15, 2016 rose to +
33° c (city Taishet).
It is
obvious that the abnormally hot summer is a big problem for modern society,
because in addition to the direct damage agricultural production deepened
periods of drought, increasing risks of various health problems worsen
dramatically human condition of animals and plants. Their habitats are
threatened, they can simply disappear (drought, rising temperatures, rising sea
levels). Given that the full crop cultivation is 20-30 years, with the breeding
of new varieties that are resistant to heat and drought, you just don't have
time for such rapid climate change.
In vivo
response and moving animals and plants in areas suitable for life just happens
quite slowly, and objectively cannot keep up with the changes. And with high
level of urbanisation of territories of the northern hemisphere animals and
plants to move nowhere. And people there are becoming more of a problem-for example,
about May 13, 2016 capital lit up Europe's largest tire dump fire had reached
40% of stored there 70 t [4].
That
is, the world is changing at such a high pace that Darwinian natural selection
will lead simply to the extinction of species. Such prospects, for example, in
Australia, has a mozaičnohvostaâ rat (LAT. Melomus rubicola) and
Australian white lemuropodobnyj opossum (Ringtail). To this is added and the problem of change with the seasons. So,
summer in Europe comes on now 10 days earlier than 40 years ago, that leads to
premature swelling buds on the trees, the arrival of birds and insects (e.g.,
spreading to new regions of the locust habitats can significantly undermine
their productive capacity in agriculture and related areas of activity).
In
addition, violation of the seasonal cycle due to anomalous early heat prevents
the annual peremeševaniû water in lakes where oxygen should be on
depth. Obviously, this has a negative impact on the livelihoods of large fish,
as a result, fisheries. It remains to add that global warming contributes to
the growth in the volume and frequency of extreme rainfall (in 2016, for
example, France and Australia).
If the
regions with a moderate climate increased the heat just creates new problems,
then where and it was so hot, extreme temperatures can make them unsuitable for
life. This is North Africa, Middle East, India and a number of others. Long
periods of abnormal heat (up to +50° c) destroy vegetation, cause forest fires
in large areas, lead to desertification and dust storms that destroy the
habitual way of life and human habitat Wednesday. So, a prolonged drought in
Venezuela has forced the authorities to impose a four-day work week (for two
months). Taking into account the high dependence on oil revenues when low
commodity prices increasing supply problems of the population in consumer goods
(mainly food), mean the risk of destabilization of the political situation.
Mankind may face in the near future not only hunger
and epidemics, but also millions of climate refugees, that objectively will be
nutritious Wednesday a variety of conflicts, including armed. In these circumstances, the activities of
major importance for national and regional elites, which should be adequate to
the growing global threats. However,
this does not happen in many cases. For example, Brussels bureaucrats because
before that the people of the United Kingdom expressed in a referendum for
secession from the European Union [5].
Literature:
1. Sauga M. G7-Treffen in Ise-Shima: Herbst der Demokraten, 26.05.2016 //
URL: www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/...
2.
См.:
Глобальное потепление в Северном полушарии перешло «красную черту», 17.03.2016
// URL: https://www.gismeteo.ru/ news/klimat/...
3.
См.:
В Нарьян-Маре +27! 24.05.2016 // URL: https://www.gismeteo.ru/ news/klimat/...
1.4. См.: Нестерук Д. В
Испании горит самая большая европейская свалка автопокрышек, 13.05.2016 // URL: http://uapress.info/ru/news/print/130739.
5. Petition EU Referendum Rules triggering a 2nd EU Referendum
// URL: https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/131215.