Candidate
of economic Sciences, Kabashova E.V.
THE LIVING WAGE AND ITS
IMPACT ON INCOME
The subsistence minimum is the valuation of the
consumer basket, compulsory payments and fees. The consumer basket includes
minimum set of food products or services, as well as food and things needed for
the life of the citizen and the preservation of his health.
The living wage is an official guarantee to determine
the state of social standards in areas such as: income, housing, utilities,
household and socio-cultural services, health and education.
The size of the subsistence level established in
accordance with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in
accordance with the provisions of the Federal law «On the subsistence minimum
in the Russian Federation» (24.10.1997).
According to this law, the subsistence minimum in the
Russian Federation and its constituent entities are designed to:
– assessment of
the level of living of the population of the Russian Federation in the
development and implementation of social policy and Federal social programs;
– justification set forth at the Federal level of the
minimum wage, as well as the definition set forth at the Federal level the size
of scholarships, allowances and other social payments;
– formation of the Federal budget;
– assessment of the level of living of the population
of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation in the development and
implementation of regional social programs;
– provide the necessary state social help to needy
citizens;
– generation of budgets of subjects of the Russian
Federation;
– other established Federal law purposes.
The statistical indicators of the subsistence minimum
include the following:
– the subsistence minimum for able-bodied persons;
– the subsistence minimum for children;
– the cost of living for pensioners;
– average cost of living per capita;
– the basic minimum social guarantees established by
the legislation of the Russian Federation in relation to the subsistence
minimum. For such guarantees include: minimum wage, the monthly allowance for
the period of leave to care for a child under the age of eighteen, the minimum
size of unemployment benefits, the size of the state academic scholarships for
students enrolled in educational programs, and other);
– the ratio of gross wages or per capita incomes with
the subsistence level.
Thus, at the regional level and in the whole country
on the income level of the population equally important is having the minimum
subsistence level.
To characterize the dependence of average per capita
monetary incomes of the subsistence minimum in the regions of Central Federal
district of the Russian Federation in 2014 we used correlation and regression
analysis, whose main tasks are:
1) measurement of the parameters of the regression
equation characterizing the relationship between the variation of resultant
variable and the variation of the factor variable;
2) measurement of correlation of two (or more) signs
to each other;
3) selection of the most important factors influencing
the variation of resultant variable in the aggregate;
4) assessment of the significance and reliability of
results of regression and correlation.
The results of econometric modeling for linear and
nonlinear functions are presented in table 1.
According to the table 1 it is seen that all the
mathematical functions (except the hyperbola) between subsistence level and
income level of the population there is a strong relationship because the
correlation coefficient is greater than 0,7.
Table 1. Comparative analysis of the results of the
pair regression and correlation
|
The regression equation |
The correlation coefficient |
The determination coefficient |
F-Fisher criterion |
|
|
0,841 |
0,707 |
38,67 |
|
|
0,777 |
0,603 |
24,30 |
|
|
0,729 |
0,532 |
18,171 |
|
|
0,793 |
0,629 |
27,13 |
|
|
0,931 |
0,867 |
48,76 |
|
|
0,540 |
0,735 |
18,81 |
Most adequately the dependency between variables
describes a parabolic function presented in figure 1.
Figure 1 Parabolic dependence of the amount of per
capita
income from the minimum subsistence level
A parabolic dependence implies that 86.7% of the
variation in income levels is due to the variation of the minimum subsistence
level. The assessment of the significance of the regression equation will hold
with the help of F-Fisher criterion, comparing its actual value with the table.
Since the actual value is greater than table, the multiple regression equation
is statistically significant and reliable and can be used for analysis and
forecasting.
Thus, with the help of correlation and regression
analysis proved a significant influence of the subsistence minimum on the level
of income of the population as the guarantor of social protection of the
population.
Literature
1. Federal law "On subsistence minimum in the
Russian Federation" from 24.10.1997 ¹134-FZ // ConsultantPlus. – Open
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and prospects of economic development: Russian and foreign experience:
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