Экономические науки/6. Маркетинг и менеджмент

Candidate of economic sciences, Associated Professor Mamrayeva D.G.,

MEs, senior teacher Ayaganova M.P.,

MEs, senior teacher Rakhimzhanova T.K.

Karaganda State University named after academician Y.A. Buketov,

Republic of Kazakhstan

Analysis of the current state and development of international innovation systems

One of the key success factors of the UK innovation policy was the focus on private initiative. Unlike many other countries, the leading role in the innovative development of the UK does not belong to the state: the country's innovation strategy focused primarily on the development of demand for innovation, also it is practiced a regional approach to investments.

In Ireland, although the private sector is the main generator of innovation, it is the state forms the basic conditions for innovative development. The success of its national innovation system can be described by three basic components: the inclusion of Ireland in the global financial system, which led to a significant increase in foreign investment in the country's economy and the rise of transnational corporations; creating innovative “hotbeds” of development, based on the country's participation in the international movement of technology and various forms of international information and technological cooperation; improving the quality of human capital due to immigration of qualified experts [1].

In Denmark, historically a key role in creating the conditions for new technologies played the public sector. Important success factors of innovative development of Switzerland became, firstly, the consistently of the implement innovation policy. Secondly, the significant role played by its international orientation: a strong focus on supporting national innovative enterprises in international research programs.

In Norway the support of basic research in colleges and universities is one of the main priorities of the Norwegian innovation policy. Free education makes it possible admission to leading universities and colleges of children from remote areas and the poor families.

One of the factors of successful development of the US innovation system is considered the creation of consistent conditions and targeted business support measures.

One of the main strengths of the national innovation systems of France, contributing to its innovative development, steel poles of competitiveness, allowing businesses, universities and researchers, developers work in tandem.

The key success factor of innovation development in Sweden is the large-scale long-term investments in education, which contributed to the development of science.

The innovative development of Germany played an important role co-operation with the United States (the post-war economic recovery), as well as the development of public-private partnership, which has become to some extent substitute for venture financing, has not received widespread in Germany [2].

The Japanese experience of state support of the innovation process is inconsistent and can not be uniquely successful. However, as a prerequisite, it can be designate an intensive economic development, which became the basis for innovative development.

The main factor in the successful development of the innovation sector in countries not belonging to the innovative development of leaders (Belarus, Indonesia, India, and others.), is the interaction with other countries and borrowing techniques and fundamentals of the state innovation policy.

Based on the analysis of innovation systems in several countries, we can conclude that in the present conditions the successful competition with leading players in the global market without the creation and continuous improvement of the national innovation system is impossible. In the most models of national innovation systems, or basic or one of the key players is the state.

The successful development of the national innovation system promoted by the following factors: a consistent and long-term innovation policy of the state with clearly defined goals and objectives; rational use of existing innovative potential as the foundation for building an innovative economy, and implementation of innovation policy; systematic efforts to develop and strengthen cooperation between the private, research and education sectors; detection and targeted support are important for innovation and technological potential areas developing fast enough or is not developing its own; coverage of an increasing volume of potentially innovative firms by providing them with state support; commercialization of innovations developed program created and borrowed technologies; reasonable to attract foreign investment of transnational corporations; a developed legislation in the field of intellectual property; systematic study and introduction of international best practices.

Based on the analysis we can also conclude that the low level of development of individual institutions do not always prevent the development of innovation on the basis of the analysis of countries. The key importance in this case is a choice of strategy of the state policy, and often is a good luck.

Among the factors hindering the development of innovative systems, in particular, include the following: a low share of business funding of R&D (France, Sweden, the Netherlands, India); weak involvement of small businesses in innovation activities (France, Sweden, the Netherlands, Japan); “Brain drain” (France, Germany); territorial disparities in development (Germany, India, China, France, Norway); the rapid aging of the population (the European Union); high costs of military-industrial complex (Sweden, Israel); underdeveloped venture capital markets (Denmark, Germany); the problem of commercialization of innovation (India, Germany, Brazil); bureaucracy (India, Brazil, Asia).

Analysis of individual government policies around the world, in view of these disadvantages of innovative systems, allows us to select several components of the state innovation policy, which is usually used for the development of the national innovation system: the creation of special organizations and bodies responsible for the definition and implementation of innovation policy (almost all countries); active cooperation with other countries in terms of exchange of technology (almost all countries); the creation of innovation clusters (France, Germany); the exercise of fundamental innovations in large multinational corporations (Sweden, France, the Netherlands, India, Japan); free education (Germany, Norway); the use of “innovation vouchers” (Netherlands, UK, Germany); significant direct budget funding for research and development in various forms.

References:

1 Information-Analytical Report for 2013 “About the trends of the development of innovations in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the world // URL: www.natd.gov.kz – official website of the JSC «National Agency for technological development» (date accessed: 03.06.2016).

2 URL: www.natd.gov.kz – official website of the JSC «National Agency for technological development» (date accessed: 08.07.2016).