Экономические науки/6. Маркетинг и менеджмент

Candidate of economic sciences, Associated Professor Mamrayeva D.G.

Karaganda State University named after academician Y.A. Buketov,

Republic of Kazakhstan

The research of regional differentiation of the inventions market in Kazakhstan

In modern economic theory, innovation is considered one of the mechanisms to ensure sustainable economic growth in the long term. Process innovations are seen as a prerequisite for improving productivity, product innovation is as a tool of enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in a changing economic environment, as well as a way to address the socio-economic and environmental problems. The positive impact of innovation to enhance the competitiveness of national economies was the main motive for developing countries with advanced economies, a number of measures designed to stimulate innovative activity.

The world economic literature has recently received considerable attention to the problem of formation of innovation-based economy. At the same time, the statistical studies on the release of the key factors of innovation activity and assessing their impact on the activity of Kazakhstani companies or regions rather scarce. In most cases, these studies are limited to a generalized examination of the dynamics of innovative activity in the industry. As far as we know, the factors of innovation activity at the regional level have not yet been studied.

This study will address the key factors of innovation activity of Kazakhstan regions. Using cluster analysis, the classification of the regions of Kazakhstan on innovative activity was conducted [1, 20-21; 2, 65-67]. Multidimensional classification of regions of Kazakhstan carried out using indicators such patent activity of market entities in 2015 as the number of issued titles of protection for inventions, utility models, industrial designs, selection achievements, trademarks (Table 1).

Table 1. The distribution by areas the security documents on industrial property for 2015 are issued by residents

№	Region	The amount of issued security documents
		on the inventions	on the utility models	on the industrial designs	for selection achievements	on the trademarks
1	Almaty city	639	29	33	21	1011
2	Almaty region	43	1	13	21	123
3	Astana city	183	29	6	0	310
4	Akmola region	23	1	1	14	26
5	Aktobe region	6	2	2	4	57
6	Atyrau region	5	0	1	0	29
7	East Kazakhstan region	65	11	1	10	60
8	Zhambyl region	61	1	12	0	40
9	West Kazakhstan region	24	2	4	0	26
10	Karaganda region	91	5	0	0	90
11	Kostanai region	15	6	0	4	50
12	Kyzylorda region	14	0	0	2	11
13	Mangistau region	9	0	0	0	16
14	Pavlodar region	61	1	1	6	29
15	North Kazakhstan region	21	6	14	1	48
16	South Kazakhstan region	74	8	6	5	112
Total		1334	102	94	88	2038
Note - Compiled to the according of the Republican State Enterprise “National Institute of Intellectual Property”

For the analysis it was selected 16 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (14 regions and 2 cities of republican value), while the total sample of Almaty city was excluded, because it is much greater than for the rest of the analyzed indicators.

8 clusters were obtained by the multivariate classification:

- the first combined two regions - Almaty and South Kazakhstan;

- the second cluster is presented in Akmola, Aktobe and North-Kazakhstan regions;

- the third includes 2 areas - the East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions;

- the fourth cluster combined Zhambyl region and West Kazakhstan;

- the fifth cluster by the level of patent activity is presented in Kostanai region;

- sixth cluster is made by Atyrau, Kyzylorda and Mangistau regions;

- in the seventh cluster entered Karaganda region;

- eighth cluster is represented by Astana city.

Analyzing the resulting classification, it may be noted, that the eighth cluster is represented by the city of Astana, is the most powerful.

The first cluster also integrates the regions with a high level of patent activity. Performance by region of the cluster data exceed those regions who have fallen in the second cluster, on average, 2.7 times, entering the third - 1.7 times, in the fourth cluster - in 2,4 times, the fifth - 2.7 times and the sixth cluster - 7 times, respectively. This reflects the desire of the first cluster of regions to innovative development and, consequently, to an increase in investment attractiveness. Thus, the average volume of issued security documents for trademarks and service marks of the analyzed cluster amounted to 118 units, the number of patents granted for inventions - 59, for the utility models - 5, on the industrial designs – 10, for the selection achievements - 13.

Regions were trapped on the third clusters are characterized by an average level of patent activity. Thus, according to reports received in the course of the study data, they have the highest rate in the parameter of “the number of issued security documents of protection on inventions”, on average, it amounted to - 155 units.

Regions of the six clusters have significantly lower values of the considered parameters, indicating that they are low patent activity. Research has shown that in these regions in 2015 virtually invented utility models and industrial designs in the future, of course, will play a negative role and have a negative impact on their innovative development.

Cluster analysis allowed solving the following tasks:

- to classify regions of Kazakhstan taking into account the main features that reflect the essence of the market nature of innovation, which has led to better knowledge of the totality of classified regions in terms of inventive activity;

- to build a new classification of regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the level of patent activity and to establish relationships within the selected aggregate.

References:

1.Shayekina Zh.M., Mamrayeva D.G., Tashenova L.V. The research of patent activity of Kazakhstan regions // Bulletin of the Karaganda University. – Economy Series. – 2015. – № 3 (79). – P. 19-23.

2.Mamrayeva D.G., Tashenova L.V. Inventive activity in Kazakhstan: current state and problems // Management in Russia and abroad. – 2015. – № 3. – P. 64-69.