Экономические науки/6. Маркетинг и менеджмент

Doctor of economic sciences, Professor Shayekina Zh.M.,

MEs, senior teacher Tashenova L.V.

Karaganda State University named after academician Y.A. Buketov,

Republic of Kazakhstan

The research of the basic stages of formation of the state innovation policy abroad

The history of innovative economies shows various examples of the time frame required to start, accelerate and sustain the innovative development. At the same time, there are examples of both countries, which gradually moved to innovative development, as well as examples of countries that have or are initiating innovative breakthrough under the influence of public policy (date of reference for this, as a rule, is the adoption of key regulatory act).

In the UK, before to the start of the 2000s the centralized policy has not been targeted to promote the development of innovations. In 2003, the Ministry of Trade and Industry published the government's strategy in the field of technological development; Technology Strategy Board was created in 2004, which invests in new technologies, support their development and commercialization. Regarding the innovative holistic long-term development strategy for the UK it has been formulated only in 2008 [1, p. 689].

The innovative development of Japan and Sweden is carried out consistently and has a long history. However, only in Sweden 2005-2008's. 4 priority areas for R & D funding have been identified: medicine, biotechnology, environment and sustainable development, the development in Sweden the “high-tech centers”, which are a compound of the research and commercial forces in the interests of fast and efficient commercialization of innovations.

In Ireland, as the transition to an innovative path of development it has been carried out recently. The Irish government in 2007 allocated 8.2 billion. Euros for the implementation of the Strategy of Science, Technology and Innovation, which involves the improvement of human capital, physical infrastructure, development of science, technology and innovation through a variety of projects.

In South Korea, the first innovative development programs were launched in 1999, and the development of innovative sector progressed very quickly.

Since 1998, France has a national plan to encourage patenting by domestic firms. In 1999, the Law on innovation and research, designed to reorganize and modernize the national innovation system in the direction of a more effective commercialization of research capacity. Implementation of the law has led to the adoption of a number of decisions of the government and a special “Innovation Plan” (2002), the purpose of which is to establish a common legal framework that encourages the development of partnerships between the public research sector and non-state actors of the innovation process. From 2007-2008 years fiscal measures were taken to support the investments in innovations.

The Swiss government is implementing a program aimed at the transition of the state from an industrial economy to an economy based on knowledge, since the 1950s. In the 90 years was a structure of government departments in charge of the establishment of an economy based on knowledge, innovation economy, which exists at the moment. Since 2007, the government identified the country's development priorities and outlined the main innovative sectors with the prospect of industrial application, which are allocated to the basic state resources.

Finnish industry has been able to move the production of goods with a high volume of value added in the period from mid 60's to 80's. thanks to the intensive partnership of the state and the private sector. The main role was played by the pioneer of venture funding State Fund Sitra, which was established in the 1980s. Since the beginning of the 2000s it became the main investor in the biotechnology [2].

The Israeli economy until the 80th. developed mainly by extensive. The basis of high growth was the use of the profit to a significant number of immigrants, foreign aid, and human resources controlled Arab territories. In the mid 80-ies begins a smooth transition to the path of innovative development: it was carried out the conversion of R&D, which consisted in the reorientation of development of dual-use to ensure the needs of the civilian industry, the relative reduction of purely military research and encouraging the flow of private capital to the creation and commercialization of non-military technology. In 2005, a law was passed on the R&D, according to which allowed to transfer abroad the know-how resulting from publicly funded research.

The course for the modernization of the national industry since the mid-1980s innovation policy in China in the absence of a legal framework implemented by executing targeted programs aimed at the development of foreign and development of its own high-tech. In 2002, two fundamental laws were approved, which laid the legal basis regulation of innovation activities: the law of PRC “On stimulation of small and medium enterprises” and the Law “On the promotion of science and technology”. In October 2010, the State Council published the “decision to accelerate the development of new strategic industries”.

The development of Canada's innovation system began in the mid-1940s. and it was largely due to the success of the US in the same field. By this time, it was created certain prerequisites for the development of science and technology - has established a system of university education, where parallel conducted research, including in conjunction with the British and American scientists and established government agencies purposefully engaged in the development of science [3, p. 141].

Currently, the main document that regulates the development of the innovation system in Canada is adopted in 2007 is a strategy “Mobilizing Science and Technology to achieve market advantages of Canada’, which involves the development of the following areas - environmental protection, energy and natural resources, healthcare and information technology.

Contemporary American state innovation policy has been formed in the second half of the 1990s: the priority was identified in 1997, when President Bill Clinton read a report to Congress “Science and technology: shaping the twenty-first century”. In addition, in previous years, the adoption of this policy, the government conducted a de-monopolization of the various sectors of the economy - energy, transport, and communications. Due to this reduction in the influence of the major players in the economy, the ability to market innovative companies received small innovation companies.

References:

1. Fritsch U., Goerg H. Outsourcing, Importing and Innovation: Evidence from Firm-level Data for Emerging Economies // Review of International Economics. - 2015. - T. 23, № 4. - C. 687-714.

2. Finland. A report about the results of the research of international experience in the field of development of innovative activity // URL: www.natd.gov.kz - the official website of JSC “National Agency for Technological Development” (reference date: 02.13.2016).

3. Gans J. S., Persson L. Entrepreneurial commercialization choices and the interaction between IPR and competition policy // Industrial and Corporate Change. - 2013. - T. 22, № 1. - C. 131-151.