Music and Life / 6. Composers

Nurymbetov Yerkin


Ural College of Music by Kurmangazy, Kazakhstan


Kazakh folk composer - Dauletkerey Shigaev


     One of the brightest composers of the XIX century in the kazakh instrumental music is Dauletkerey Shigaev. According to academician Ahmet Zhubanov, Dauletkerey was the founder of lyrical dombra (1) kyis (2), the so-called tradition "tore tartys" (3). Dauletkerey in kazakh history is known not only as kuishi (4), composer and dombra player, but as a citizen, leader and public figure. As sultan (5) junior horde (6), he led generations leg Sherkesh, Kyzylkurt and generally kalmaks part, and as a distinguished leader in the intergeneric proceedings his intelligence, wit, and enjoyed great respect and authority among the people. Managing people, he also promoted the performing arts language dombra, extolled the overall civility and unity of the people, forcing listeners to think about values and meaning of life.


     On the years of the composer, there are several versions. Date of birth Dauletkerei Shygayuly (Shigaev) has long been unknown. It was assumed that he was born in 1799 in the area Karamola near Naryn sands. On this basis, in 1939 noted 140-year anniversary, and in 1949 - 150 anniversary of the birth Dauletkerei. Thanks to hard work and quest of Peter Vasilyevich Aravin were found archival documents showing that Dauletkerey was born in 1820. The proof may serve as a "List of governors birth inner kirghiz hordes", compiled by the interim board of Management of inner horde in 1853. There among the rulers of birth specified and Dauletkerey Shigaev. Here, under number 14 shows the following information:

 

¹¹

Name and patronymic

How old

A native controls with

Since a time

14

Sultan Davletgirey Shigaev

33

Nogays comes temporarily

February 21, 1852

 

     After finding this archival document the year of birth kuishi (6) were considered in 1820, and in many historical works, indicate exactly this new date.


     And in the kazakh soviet encyclopedia was written: - Dauletkerey Shygayuly (1820-1887) - people composer kuishi, founder of the lyrical lines in the instrumental music at dombra. Like the data on the life kuishi become a bit closer to the truth, because that is the exact date of birth and death. But the singer kyis Karshyga Ahmediyarov in his article, "Sounding the dombra kyi" ("Ak Orda", 1993, ¹ 1), devoted to the life kuishi, is pleased to announce that the tomb was found Dauletkerei with tombstones, where there is an inscription that he born in 1814. Until then, no one knew where he is buried kuishi. But this fact is not scientifically proven. So while we celebrate the 190 th anniversary of the composer in this year's version of P. Aravin.


     The fact that musical ability Dauletkerei appeared early, there is no reliable information, but we know that from earliest childhood days on end, he could listen to the speech not only kazakh musicians to be invited by the sultan, but also european, and russian. As regard as creative Dauletkerei - Nausha Bukeikhanov and Dina Nurpeysova, the first teacher Dauletkerei was then dombra player-kuishi Musrali. From Musrali he meets in early 50's, when he was 30 years old. Therefore, we can assume that composing own kyi Dauletkerey take quite late.


     From the authentically known facts are as follows: in the early 50's he became the ruler of the genus leg in 1859 Dauletkerey of the Kazakh delegation went to St. Petersburg for the coronation of czar Alexander II, where he met with representatives of russian intelligentsia (including the artist Robert Cheredeyev, french traveler Pauli, general Vashchenko).


     By the end of life Dauletkerey, reaching the top dombra art, share your knowledge and experience to young musicians. Students respectfully called Dauletkerei "Bapas" - father. Among students in particular stood out Alikey, Balamaysan, Makar, Turup, son Salavatkerey. Thanks to them, and their disciples, successors: Seytek Urazaliev, Nausha Bukeyhanov, Kali Zhantleuov and others - the legacy Dauletkerei become the property today.


     Talent Dauletkerei as kuishi differed versatility. His kyis created genre "Zheldirme", "Yskyrma", "Tarbie" lifting the mood of those present, and exciting hearts of listeners. Kyis, where the glorified images of beautiful women "Akbala kyz", "Kudasha", "Korkem hanym" is widely spread among the people. Under the influence of russian music he composed kyi-military nature of the cruise, as "Vashchenko", "Kos shek", "Konyr", "Topan" and others.


     As mentioned in the writings of the historian Z. Sharafutdin, Dauletkerei epoch was the epoch of people, spiritually strong and persistent, which could resist the hardships of life and go through all the hardships and obstacles. Going through life stages Dauletkerey could go against the flow, distinguished himself as ruler at the same time as the great kuishi. Until the time Dauletkerei art kuishi regarded as a not for nobles, but breaking the rules ancestors Dauletkerey proved that art has no boundaries, that it is common to all and to everyone.


     Leaving behind a 50 kyis, Dauletkerey certainly did not think that would be the sultan of art - kyi for future generations.


     In order to perpetuate the name of the great composer of the kazakh people in the city of Uralsk, one of the main streets is named after Dauletkerei. Also, the decision of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2003, the orchestra of kazakh folk instruments of West Kazakhstan oblast philharmonic by G.Kurmangaliev officially was named the national composer Dauletkerei Shygayuly. We, as the present generation and for me personally as a conductor of the orchestra carry the name Dauletkerei - great pride and responsibility. Before celebrating the 10 anniversary of the team, plan to hold a series of concerts dedicated to the works Dauletkerei Shigaev and other popular composers of West Kazakhstan.

 

Glossary


1) Dombyra – kazakh music plucked instrument.

2) Kyi - software play for dombra.
3) The tore - the official, nobleman, sir. Tartys - game dombra.
4) Kuishi - executive kyis.
5) Sultan - the representative of the feudal nobility ("white bone"), not part of the kazakh clan.
6) Juz (literally - the part side) - the union of individual clans and tribes in the tribal alliances.

Literature:


1. Zhubanov A. Strings centuries. - Almaty: Zhazushy, 1975.
2. Aravin P. Dauletkerey and kazakh music of the nineteenth century. - Moscow: Sov. composer, 1984.
3. Zataevich A.V. 500 Kazakh songs and kyis. Almaty, 1931.
4. Shegebaev P. History of kazakh instrumental music of XIX century. Textbook. - Astana: Tome, 2008.