Change of oil content in flax seeds from 2006 to 2012
Gindullina (Krasnova) D.A.
420048, Russia, Kazan, Orenburgskii tract 48
Tatar Scientific Research Institute of
Agriculture RAAS
E-mail: krasnovad84@gmail.com
From 2006 to 2009 field experiments were created on
the investigation sorts of linseed from API collection on numerous agricultural
and biological features. One of these signs was the oil content in the seeds.
In 2012, it was decided to check the preservation of oil during storage.
According to the results presented in this paper we can see that the amount of
oil was reduced by 10-58% depending on the sort and initial amount of oil.
Sorts with high amount of oil reduced more than sorts with low amount.
The
aim of this study was to investigate how the oil
decreases in the seeds during storage. Objects were 13 varieties of flax
seeds stored for 3 years at room temperature with an average of 18 to 25 °Ñ,
and the method was to determine the crude oil in a Soxhlet apparatus for
skim residue.
Results
and discussion. In 2006, 2009 and 2012 four linseed varieties
were investigated for various parameters, including oil content. The results
are presented in Table 1. The data of this table shows that the seeds of a
standard sort "Kinel 2000" contain the lowest percentage of oil and
the largest is in the seeds of "Sokol". In 2009, during field trials
of other varieties of flax, the sorts presented in the table have been also
studied, but the oil content varied greatly. Overall oil content of the studied
gene pool (49 varieties) was higher and ranged from 35.4 to 47.9%. The highest
oil content stood out "Rucheek" (47.9%), "M-3529" (47.1%)
and "VNIIMK 620 '(46.3%). Standard - sort "Kinel 2000" had the
oil content of 44.9%. Close to the standard of performance was marked by the
sorts "NP 53" and "Iceberg". «k-7578», «Sg-620-82», «R-7»,
«Legur», «Amazon» had significantly lower oil content.
Table 1
– Changing of oil content by years.
|
Sort\year |
Oil content, % |
||
|
2006 |
2009 |
2012 (residue) |
|
|
Kinel 2000 (st.) |
37,5 |
44,9 |
28,8 |
|
Severnii |
39,9 |
43,0 |
20,1 |
|
Sokol |
43,8 |
43,3 |
17,8 |
|
Legur |
43,3 |
38,6 |
31,7 |
The
results of our research demonstrated that the sorts "VNIIMK 620" and
"Rucheek" may serve as genetic sources of the formation the
characteristic of oil content. Both of these varieties are created in the State
Research Institute of Oilseed Crops named after V.S. Pustovoyt RAAS, the last -
in conjunction with the SSI Siberian Research Station VNIIMK.
In
subsequent years, the number of investigated flax samples was increased and
Table 2 presents the results of changing the oil content of the seeds during
storage at the most and least oily sorts.
Table 2 – Changing of oil content
during the storage of seeds.
|
Sort |
Oil content, % by dry matter |
Decrease of oil,
% |
|
|
2009-th year |
2012-th year |
|
|
|
Êinel 2000 |
44,9 |
28,8 |
35,9 |
|
Columbia (ê-7578) |
35,4 |
31,25 |
11,7 |
|
VNIIMK 620 |
46,3 |
31,6 |
31,75 |
|
Rucheek |
47,9 |
34,0 |
29,0 |
|
Sg-620-82 |
38,5 |
30,1 |
21,8 |
|
Ì-3529 |
47,1 |
33,0 |
29,9 |
|
R-7 |
38,4 |
33,6 |
12,5 |
|
Severnii |
43,0 |
20,1 |
53,3 |
|
Legur |
38,6 |
31,7 |
17,9 |
|
Sokol |
43,3 |
17,8 |
58,9 |
|
Amazon |
36,8 |
33,2 |
9,8 |
|
Aisberg |
44,5 |
28,5 |
36,0 |
|
NP-53 |
44,1 |
31,0 |
29,7 |
The oil
content of the seeds is known as rather stable characteristic. Therefore the aim
of this study was to determine how it changes over time. The maximum range of
variation on it in 2009 was 12.5% (35.4 ... 47.9%),
and in 2012 - 15.2% (17.8 ... 33%). This indicates that the samples represented
by a large collection of genetic diversity and include a contrasting form of
the oil content. Variation of the oil content index between the samples indicates
the presence of collection of genetic variation of the studied feature that
allows performing genetic analysis of this feature with the test forms and
select promising starting material.
The
results indicate that the area of research, which
includes the experimental fields of the Tatar Research Institute of
Agriculture, is very favorable for the formation of a high oil content of the
varieties of flax, but the amount of oil contained in the seeds quickly
decreases with time. In some varieties the decrease was more than 50%. The high
oily class lost from 29 to 59% of oil, the low oily class lost only 10 to 22%.
From this it can be concluded that, according to our results flaxseeds can’t be
long-term stored, and should be used usually during the first year after
harvest.
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