Aldasheva A.A.

Candidate of history

Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay

Department of Tourism Almaty (Kazakhstan)

 

To  the Economic development  of  the Kazakhstan  through    the                        tourism

 

The tradition of the hospitality underlying  the tourism, still in the ancient time when the people were separated territorially, economically and cultural ideologically, promoted establishment of contacts and social progress by that was protection of the traveler in the conditions of the lack of protection from the authorities.

The Geopolitical position of  the Kazakhstan caused its participation in the  integration processes on the world and at the subregional  space as an important structure-forming element and object of the continental and the intercontinental interests of industrialized countries of  Eurasia. Passing through its territory of the  transcontinental transport and the communication routes gave the chance to take the income from a successful combination of the territorial transit ways. There of the development of the tourism version of the Great Silk way was continued by Kazakhstan after the destruction of the USSR [1].

In 1994 under the auspices of the WTO and UNESCO in Tashkent the meeting of experts devoted to problems of the restoration and the revival of the Great Silk way took place. The holding company  "Zhibek æîëû" (A silk way) was the only Kazakhstan firm accredited at this meeting. The beginning to a new stage of the tourism development in Kazakhstan, and also in the other republics, was necessary the Tashkent s declaration of the presidents of the Azerbayzhan Republic, the Republic of  Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Turkmenistan, the Republic of  Uzbekistan was  signed on October  21, 1996 in Tashkent. The decree of the president of the Republic of  Kazakhstan "About a realization  of the Tashkent s declaration of the heads of the Turkic-speaking states, the project of the UNESCO and the World of the Tourism Organization for development the  tourism infrastructure on a silk way in the Republic of Kazakhstan" of 30.04.1997 No. 3476 determined the list of  actions and tasks by the development of the material base and the tourist s  services. The resolution of the government of the Republic of  Kazakhstan   "About measures for implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan" About  the implementation of the Tashkent s declaration, UNESCO and WTO project for development of  the  tourism infrastructure on the Silk way of the Republic of Kazakhstan" of 07.07.1997 No. 1067 was elaborated the plan of the measures.

With the common decisions of  the heads of the states and the  governments promoted the strengthening of the business relations between the various ministries and departments created a legal basis and allowed to provide the intensive development of  the purposes and the tourism programs in Kazakhstan and others countries, which took part in the UNESCO project  to distribute duties and to coordinate the elaboration of the interesting and the substantial routes.

Presidential Decree "Revival historic centers of the Silk Road, the preservation and continuity of the cultural heritage of  the Turkic states, the creation of the tourism infrastructure" from 27.02.1998, ¹ 3859, the decision of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the plan of action to implement the state program of Kazakhstan", "Revival of the historic centers of the Silk Road , the preservation and continuity of cultural heritage of Turkic states, the creation of tourism infrastructure "from 28.10.1998, ¹ 1096 and the Resolution of the Government of RK "On joint-stock company "National Company" Silk Road. Kazakhstan" from 10.08.1998. ¹758 and protocol solutions of the meeting  of the Government  RK "On the realization of the state program of  Kazakhstan", "Revival historic centers Silk Road, the preservation and continuity of cultural heritage of Turkic states, the creation of  the tourism infrastructure" from 28.11.2002, ¹ 31"  was the next step [2].

At this period  in  Kazakhstan completed  the formation of   the tourism infrastructure in  the general  was reconstructed which  was existed in earlier of the territorial structure, and there are new including the international standards, firms and companies. The reception of the tourists  were occupied  with  5% of the tourism travel agencies at the  southern regions of  the Kazakhstan, which indicated  stabilization of the processes that use excursion-cultural direction of content of the work,  is creating  a  base for the provision of  the basic and  the extra services and for raising  the level  of  the tourist – excursion  specialists skills.

The main  leading and guiding role in the development of the international tourism with the prospects of  the  Silk Road belongs to the head of state who  provided  the succession   of the historical and cultural  development   of the tourism 1987-2000 , as  the head of the government of the Kazakh republic and as the President  RK .  In the condition of   the    total, political, economical and social crisis and  to break the old republican and international relations, partly replaced  of the Cabinet and Parliament,  presidential republic hardly  central   provided the project of global significance - the UNESCO and the WTO "Problems of rebirth and RESTORATION of the Silk Road."

The international tourism at the routes of the Silk Road had a clear organizational forms and the individual groups, ethno-cultural, ecotourism, shopping, pilgrim groups and conventions groups at the Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Chinese sections of the Silk Road in connection  with of the creation of the holding company "Silk Way". License Category "A" allows the clients to register a visa to any country where is the embassy of the Kazakhstan that make easier to forming the tourist flow.

"Silk Way" is a member of the WTO, the Federation of the International Youth Travel Organizations, the Pacific Tourism Organization and co-executor of the UNESCO program by the  Revival of the Silk Road. This representative  at the international level  , allows to prognosis to draw into the project a number of European, Middle East and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the "Silk Way" has the ability to attract a foreign investment in the economy and, therefore, tourism in Kazakhstan through its agricultural, fishing ,  pharmaceutical and the building - tourist projects.

By the Resolution of the Government RK  ¹ 333 of  the  6 March, 2001 adopted  "The Concept of the tourism development in the Republic of Kazakhstan," in which was  given  with take  into  consideration WTO recommendations  and  accumulated experiences have been identified for the development of the Silk Road, such types of  the ourism as a cognitive, a pilgrim, an eco, the safaris, a hunting, and a fishing.

National Company "Silk Road - Kazakhstan" was intended to carry out the full range of measures for the implementation of the UNESCO and the WTO, the Tashkent Declaration of the Heads of Turkic-speaking States, the state program for the Silk Road Revival, other governments  programs and laws. Scientific concept theoretically «Silk Road» was a comprehensive plan of åðóaction for the social and the economic development of the region, the coordination of a legal and the natural persons in the effective development of the tourist and the  recreational resources, harmonization of the natural and socio-economic activities, the revival of the cultural and the historical monuments, the development of the engineering and the transport infrastructure, the improvement of the material and the technical base of the tourism, to prognosis of the demand for the tourism [3].

The Embassy  of the RK sent to the 14 foreign  countries 210 advertising booklets in Russian and English, 75 posters and 17 videos with a film about the international festival "Silk way"-2000  for the advertising and the promotion of the tourism product of the national company "Silk way"-Kazakhstan.

The video footage of the historical routes of the Silk  way was transferred to the Representative of the UNESKO in RK.

 The mission of  the UNESCO  and the World Bank to familiarize with the historical  objects of the Zhambyl and  the South Kazakhstan regions  at the  March 1999.

 On the development of  the Great Silk way and the propaganda of cultural heritage has been published the 20 articles in the newspapers "Kazakhstan Today" and "Egemendy Kazakhstan." Two television transmissions were by the channels  "TAN" and "Kazakhstan-1" C on the  problems of the Silk way and  the conception of the preservation and continuity of the medieval center of the city Turkestan.

At the founding conference of the Kazakhstan Tourist Union in 1999 at the  Astana, the President of the RK - Nursultan Nazarbayev said to Kazakhstan's ambassadors abroad that before them put the task to attract interest to Kazakhstan, helping to establish contacts with travel agencies and developing tourist business in Kazakhstan, which is able to receive visitors. 

The tourist activity reached a diplomatic level and became the subject of daily attention of the embassies of the Republic of Kazakhstan abroad of the departments programs the activities of the ambassadors of the RK about the development of the   relations in the sphere of tourism. The meetings of the foreign workers, foreign economic and trade departments with the employees of the torism entered into the practice. They are held in the forms of the press conferences, briefings, seminars on travel and visa procedures, conduct of the international tourism exhibitions and advertising companys, as a source of information about the tourist potential of the state and the role of indicators of the increased tourism in the international arena. The future of the international and domestic tourism is at the correlation. The best balance between inbound and outbound tourism, we can provide considerable amounts of revenue in the budget for the development of the tourism infrastructure and  the services, as well as allied industries of the  regions of Kazakhstan.

 

THE LIST OF THE USED SOURCES:

1. Dvornichenko V.V.Razvitie of tourism in the USSR (1917-1983). - Moscow, 2000.

2.Nemoljaeva M. E, Hodorkov L.F. International tourism: yesterday, today, tomorrow.- Moscow, 2008.- P.176.

3. Barchukova N.S. International cooperation of the states in the field of tourism. - Moscow, 2007. - P.25.